On the determinants of yield spreads between mortgage pass-through and Treasury securities

Yield spreads between mortgage pass-through and U.S. Treasury securities may reflect differences in taxation, phenomena affecting relative supply and demand, and compensation for default, call, and marketability risks on mortgage instruments. Our research empirically models differences in yields between pass-throughs and comparable-maturity Treasuries. We find that interest-rate volatility and the term structure of rates, factors often cited in the mortgage pricing literature as affecting the mortgage call premium, are the primary determinants of movements in these spreads. Moreover, these effects have grown in importance in recent years as exercise of the prepayment option has increased. We also find evidence that liquidity and credit concerns affect the pricing of pass-through securities.     

The Gilt-Equity Yield Ratio and the Predictability of UK and US Equity Returns

A number of financial variables have been shown to be effective in explaining the time-series of aggregate equity returns in both the UK and the US. These include, inter alia , the equity dividend yield, the spread between the yields on long and short government bonds, and the lagged equity return. Recently, however, the ratio between the long government bond yield and the equity dividend yield – the gilt-equity yield ratio – has emerged as a variable that has considerable explanatory power for UK equity returns. This paper compares the predictive ability of the gilt-equity yield ratio with these other variables for UK and US equity returns, providing evidence on both in-sample and out-of-sample performance. For UK monthly returns, it is shown that while the dividend yield has substantial in-sample explanatory power, this is not matched by out-of sample forecast accuracy. The gilt-equity yield ratio, in contrast, performs well both in-sample and out-of-sample. Although the predictability of US monthly equity returns is much lower than for the UK, a similar result emerges, with the gilt-equity yield ratio dominating the other variables in terms of both in-sample explanatory power and out-of-sample forecast performance. The gilt-equity yield ratio is also shown to have substantial predictive ability for long horizon returns.     

浅议利率波动对房地产投资信托基金的影响

房地产投资信托基金(Real estate investment trusts,REITs)的高分配收益特征使其对利率波动的敏感性较强,而房地产业自身也易受利率变化的影响。1973年和2005年美国联邦局对利率的上调对REITs价格和收益都造成了重大影响,利率上调,REITs经营成本增加,REITs的总体回报率减少,直接影响到其投资价值和回报率。     

市场信心、经济波动与财政政策

市场信心变化是否会造成经济波动,如何选择财政调控策略稳定市场信心进而保持宏观经济稳定,文章利用矢量自回归模型和季度数据,在控制相关变量基础上对此进行的研究表明,市场信心变化对我国宏观经济的滞后影响非常显著,其中企业信心变化与消费者信心变化对宏观经济产生影响的时间路径存在明显差异,虽自1999年以来,积极财政政策对提振市场信心发挥了积极作用,但作用效果在不同政策工具之间差异明显。紧缩性财政收入政策虽对市场信心具有反向抑制效应,但并不显著,扩张性支出政策虽在经济低迷时期有助于提振市场信心,但成效在不同支出项目间差异悬殊,其中,科教文卫等社会性支出的增加对市场信心将会产生积极影响,而行政费的膨胀却会显著恶化市场信心。     

西宁市建筑施工垃圾的管理及对策研究

近年来我国建筑业发展迅速,西宁市城市化进程导致新建、改建、扩建、拆除工程随处可见,因而在施工阶段产生大量的建筑施工垃圾。如果对这些垃圾不进行有效分析和管理,产量加剧会更加严重,对环境污染也会更严重。本文针对西宁建筑施工垃圾管理现状,提出相对应的有效对策。     

Interest Rates and Credit Risk

This paper explores the effects of shifts in interest rates on corporate leverage and default in the context of a dynamic model in which the link between leverage and default risk comes from the lower incentives of overindebted entrepreneurs to guarantee firm survival. The need to finance new investment pushes firms' leverage ratio above some state‐contingent target toward which firms gradually adjust through earnings retention. The response to interest rate rises and cuts is both asymmetric and heterogeneously distributed across firms. Our results help rationalize some of the evidence regarding the risk‐taking channel of monetary policy.     

小麦价格波动的时间序列分析

粮食价格波动的成因一直是学术界关注的问题。本文通过对1995年1月至2005年12月全国小麦批发市场月度价格序列的分析，表明所观察的小麦价格序列的分布不符合传统线性回归模型关于独立同方差的假设，其特征比较适合使用ARCH族模型来描述。GARCH（1，1）模型的结果显示，由前期价格代表的存粮情况对现期小麦价格影响显著，前期的高价会引发未来小麦市场较大的价格波动；考察期间两次大的粮食市场改革虽然对短期小麦价格有影响，但并未引发剧烈的小麦价格波动。     

中国经济波动的新轨迹

本文对 1 998— 2 0 0 2年中国经济运行所出现的建国以来从未有过的既稳定又较快增长的新轨迹进行了考察 ,尝试归纳了这五年实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策为社会主义市场经济下宏观调控的政策工具库所增添的新内容 ,并通过国际比较 ,提出在我国未来的经济增长中能否走出一条在 8%— 1 0 %的区间平稳运行的新轨迹 ,以及相应地要牢记我国历史上多次经济过热的教训。     

财产保险对国民经济总量和经济波动性的影响——基于套期保值模型与中国的实证

财产保险与国民经济之间存在何种内在联系一直是理论界探索的重要问题。文章创造性地将产险的套期保值原理与考虑了灾害损失的宏观经济模型相结合,得出了一定条件下财产保险对国民经济影响的数量模型。通过比较我国东、中、西部三个具有区域代表性省份的相关实证结果,进一步发现在前期投资功能受到限制的条件下,即使在区域特征明显的地区也呈现一个共同规律:尽管财产保险对经济总量不会产生明显影响,但对促进经济的平稳运行却能起到十分重要的作用。     

中国经济周期波动的制度冲击效应分析

经济制度变革成为中国宏观经济经历的影响最深远的整体性、持久性的外生冲击之一,制度变动的冲击对我国经济周期的变动特征产生了深刻的影响。文章运用经济计量方法对制度冲击改变我国经济周期特征进行了检验,并通过市场化程度、非国有化水平和开放度三个制度冲击变量检验了其与我国经济周期波动的相关性,其结论证明在我国受政治背景的影响而出台的重大的经济制度改革对经济的发展影响巨大而深远,制度变动冲击对经济的周期变动的方向及程度起到了较大的决定作用。