上海城市发展中的湿地保护与可持续利用

认为湿地对上海的土地供给、水源补充、生物多样性保护和生态服务具有的重要价值,湿地是上海城市发展的重要战略资源;分析了上海市保护和利用湿地的现状和存在的问题;从泥沙利用、保护区调整、湿地科学利用等方面就上海实现湿地保护和利用协调发展进行了思考;最后从协调机制、功能分区、协调围垦和保护、规范利用、控制污染、法律保障和信息共享等方面提出了促进上海实现湿地保护和利用协调发展的政策建议.     

江苏省湿地的基本特征及保护

本文论述了江苏省湿地的基本特征,从可持续发展的角度,深入剖析目前湿地现状及存在问题,并提出了江苏省湿地生态系统保护利用的科学对策。     

滇池湿地现状及保护对策

湿地可以看作是一个内部过程长期为水控制的水—陆过渡的复合生态系统。滇池湿地具有重要而又独特的环境功能,蕴含着多样性的生物资源。近年来,滇池湿地生态严重退化,质量功能下降。本文通过分析滇池湿地退化现象和原因,提出了滇池湿地资源保护对策。     

Climate adaptation in ‘new world’ cultural landscapes: The case of Bay of Fundy agricultural dykelands (Nova Scotia,Canada)

North America has few cultural agricultural landscapes, and often commensurately poor governance arrangements for managing change in such settings. This research uses the Acadian dykelands of Nova Scotia, Canada, as an opportunity to explore the social and governance limits to coastal climate adaptation in ‘new world’ cultural agricultural landscapes, as well as inform local decision-making. Approximately half of Nova Scotia’s coastal wetlands were converted to dykeland in the 1600s, lowering local resilience to the increased frequency and storm severity anticipated with climate change. Today, dykelands protect a diversity of public and private interests, meanings and values, yet are controlled by the agricultural sector, which can no longer afford to maintain them all to 2050 climate projections. We report here on a representative online Q-methodology survey of 183 adult Nova Scotians in the spring of 2015. Respondents sorted 34 statements along a normal distribution about whether they prefer dykeland maintenance or wetland restoration, and under what governance arrangements. Four factors were derived: the dominant discourse was local, female and strongly pro-dykeland, indicating the likelihood for local resistance to dykeland removal on for cultural, recreational and farming reasons. The second factor was supportive of wetland restoration for reasons of efficiency, not wetland affinity, but characterized by those in positions of management power. The two minority viewpoints were less informed about dykelands, characteristic of outsiders, and concerned more with governance. More education is needed about the challenges facing dykelands, the benefits of coastal wetlands, and the management options, but this research shows proposals to change landscape should emphasize flood mitigation over cost-saving. Cultural values and status quo bias are clearly barriers to adaptation planning, even when discussing the removal of man-made structures. The factors were surprisingly polarized, suggesting the forced-normal distribution affects the space available to convey nuanced perspectives. Large p-set Q-method of this kind is likely most useful for characterizing the emergent discourses demographically, and understanding their prevalence; the same discourses had emerged within a much smaller pilot study.     

陕西黄河湿地生态问题及保护初探

陕西黄河湿地是由黄河及其支流渭河、洛河三条河流交汇而形成的,交汇处主要以河床漫滩为主,由河流水面、江心洲、滩涂、泛洪平原及部分低阶地组成,是典型的河流湿地。近年来随着周边经济的发展,人类开发利用湿地的强度越来越大,湿地生态系统及其功能退化明显。因此研究和保护这一湿地,对区域生态环境的建设有着重大意义。本文将河流湿地开发利用过程中出现的问题进行了分析,针对水资源减少、生物多样性锐减和环境污染等问题提出了一些开发与保护措施。     

吉林省柳河县湿地利用与保护

从湿地类型、面积及其比例构成等方面介绍了吉林省柳河县湿地资源现状与基本特征;分析了湿地面积的动态变化及其原因;探讨了涅地资源变化特点及其未来发展趋势.认为湿地资源的利用率和生产力较低、湿地自然保护区建设缓慢以及泥炭地开发利用过度等方面,是目前柳河县湿地利用与保护中所存在的主要问题;在此基础上,提出实施柳河县湿地生态保护...     

1983-2006年南四湖湿地植被动态变化研究

采用实地调查和实验分析,结合遥感和地理信息系统技术,研究南四湖湿地在1983-2006年浮游植物和水生维管束植物的种类、分布和生物量变化.结果表明,1983-2006年,南四湖湿地植被生物量整体呈下降趋势,反映了人类的围垦、养殖等活动造成湿地初级生产力的降低,并且这种影响由湖泊外围向湖心弱化,对外围湿地的影响最大.     

长沙市湿地资源类型及其特征研究

长沙市湿地包括永久性河流,淡水湖泊,草本沼泽等自然湿地类型;水库、拦河坝、水电坝,淡水养殖池塘,农用池塘、小型水池,废水处理场所,城市景观水面和娱乐水面,灌溉用沟、渠等人工湿地类型.长沙市湿地生态系统不仅为长沙地区提供了大量的生产生活用水和动植物产品等多种资源,同时还是诸多野生动植物的重要栖息地,湿地对于珍稀濒危物种的...     

利用湿地废水资源化的效益分析——以八湖镇荷塘湿地为例

根据我国对湿地废水资源化利用的现状,阐述利用人工湿地净化污水的理论基础。以临沂市八湖镇荷塘湿地为例,对荷塘湿地净化蔬菜加工废水进行经济效益、社会效益和环境效益分析。结果表明,应用荷塘湿地净化蔬菜加工废水技术可有效缓解水资源危机,维持生态平衡,进而实现经济、社会和生态环境的协调及可持续发展,其产生的效益较大,可为我国类似地区开展蔬菜加工废水资源化利用提供借鉴。     

Social media-based analysis of cultural ecosystem services and heritage tourism in a coastal region of Mexico

Understanding spatial patterns of visitation and benefits accrued to different types of natural and cultural heritage tourists may have important implications for the sustainable management of their destinations. We investigate cultural services accrued to local, domestic and international visitors to the Usumacinta floodplain, a coastal region with one of the highest biological and cultural diversities in Mexico. We combine analysis of social media photographs and high-resolution land cover mapping to identify different cultural services and their association with specific ecosystem and land cover types. Hotspots for international tourists are spatially restricted to well-known and accessible sites. Locals are 2.2–2.5 times more likely than international visitors to be associated with aesthetic appreciation and birdwatching. Locals upload more photographs of coastal lagoons, mangroves, beach and sea. Results are analyzed in light of land cover changes in the region and provide valuable information to decision makers for improved tourism management and conservation strategies.