企业创新链与资金链生态融合及水平测度研究——以生物医药企业为例

为促进创新链与资金链形成生态循环,推动企业高质量发展,从生态视角出发,运用系统分析方法,对企业创新链与资金链生态融合内涵进行界定,并分析其生态融合特征,构建两链生态融合系统模型,设计两链生态融合水平测度指标体系。基于规则的方法、熵权和物元可拓方法,设计指标数据评分规则与标准,构建两链生态融合水平测度模型,选47 家A 股上市生物制品企业为样本,测度两链生态融合水平。结果表明：生物医药企业创新链与资金链生态融合水平差异较大,存在薄弱环节,从两链融合系统环境、评价机制和平台建设提出建议,为反映两链生态融合程度和进行动态调整,以缓解企业创新融资约束和提高创新链资金配置效率提供理论方法和实际借鉴。     

我国对外技术依存度的测算及浅析

建设创新型国家成为国家的战略目标,而对外技术依存度的高低成为衡量创新型国家的一个重要指标。针对当前对外技术依存度算法的不足,提出一种全新的测算方法,从技术依存度的内涵出发系统地构造衡量指标和计量模型,运用因子分析方法对我国对外技术依存度进行了测算,并简析其原因。结果显示,中国的对外技术依存度在快速提高,并处于很高的水平,表明我国的技术对外依赖程度非常高,经济技术发展受制于人,我国亟需加强自主创新。     

Building internal business scenarios based on real data from a performance measurement system

This paper presents a new methodology to build internal business scenarios from the data gathered by some key performance indicators (KPIs) defined within a performance measurement system. The application of the principal components analysis technique leads to the identification of latent relationships between KPIs that underlies some important business aspects. Further, this methodology allows to represent not only the temporal evolution of the organisation as a function of these business aspects but also the definition and determination of internal business scenarios, being therefore the source of meaningful managerial information. At the end of the paper, results of a practical application are presented and discussed, as well as their importance for the organisation from a decision making point of view.     

企业价值评价与知识增值的研究

价值分析是经济学中经常使用的一种方法,但在企业经营管理分析中却常被忽略。该研究将企业价值创造要素归结为劳动、知识和资本3种,通过对国内9个行业的实证研究及对四川托普软件股份有限公司的案例研究,建立起上述3种要素尤其是知识要素的测量方法,按照知识和资本维度对不同行业进行了分类,并归纳出企业的知识价值增值曲线。通过研究知识在企业价值创造过程中的作用,希望通过探讨知识的价值增值以促进企业分配制度的完善。     

城市化效率的时空测度与省际差异研究

城市化效率作为衡量城市化质量内涵的重要标准,已成为城市经济协调运转的逻辑起点。基于数据包络分析法(DEA),利用Malmquist效率指数,以2005—2010年为样本研究时段,对中国31个省区(市)的城市化效率分别进行了动态测算。同时,运用DEA-BCC模型对其规模报酬和非集约度进行静态测算。结果表明:天津、福建、青海等17个省区(市)城市化效率较低;河北、安徽、四川等19省区(市)仍处于非有效且投入要素非集约度状态。文章最后提出要提高土地利用效率、发展集约型产业、实施科技推动的城市化道路等提高城市化效率的政策建议。     

Relating Context Variables to Participative Budgeting and Evaluative Use of Performance Measures: A Meta‐analysis

Extant findings regarding how context variables relate to participative budgeting and the evaluative use of accounting performance measures (APM) are contradictory. Unlike previous reviews of such findings, this empirical article uses a meta‐analysis to examine the relations of context variables with participative budgeting or evaluative use of APM to determine (i) how the variables relate and (ii) which factors might cause between‐correlation variance, such as statistical artefacts or moderating influences of variable measures, sample selection, or industry differences. All meta‐analyses are based on rather small samples. Three groups of context variables emerge. First, some relate significantly and homogeneously to participative budgeting or evaluative use of APM; these direct relations should be considered explicitly in further studies. Second, for some variables, the relations are homogeneous but not significant, such that they are neither simple nor direct. Third, substantial variance exists in the correlations for some context variables; these relations are contingent on other influences. Industry differences and sample selection explain some inconsistencies in exploratory moderator analyses and should receive additional research attention.     

A Proposal to Compare Consistently the Inequality Among the Poor

A poverty index should be sensitive to the number of poor people, the extent of the shortfall of the poor, and the inequality among the poor. A difficulty arises when inequality among the poor needs to be assessed. The inequality may be analyzed in terms of either incomes or gaps. Depending on what side we focus on, the inequality level comparisons may be contradictory. This paper proposes a reinterpretation of the inequality component involved in the decompositions of well‐known poverty indices. The alternative indices we introduce measure equally the income and gap inequality among the poor. The comparisons in inequality as measured by these indices are then independent of the viewpoint. An empirical application illustrates the proposal.     

改进利润计量管理的战略性思考

现行会计利润计量只关注短期忽视长期,不能适应战略管理的现实需要,必须以企业价值增长理论为指导,拓展会计计量利润的空间及目标。利润战略管理的基本内容包括构筑利润导向型经营策略体系、培育企业利润心理和建立有效保护企业利润的战略控制体系。文章认为,销售利润率、预期利润增长率、资产效率、战略控制指数、市值收益比率这5个指标的复合计量,可以作为会计对战略转移利润进行核算的一种尝试。最后,作者借鉴国际权威咨询公司的成果对各类企业如何立足自身客观条件逐步实现价值增长提出了具体的策略思路。     

提高交接计量精度 降低管输原油损耗

介绍了管道输油单位工艺流程和油量计算,通过收、销油参数的对比,分析了标准器具、环境、人员等引起管输原油差量的原因,提出了如何通过采取流量计系数交接、同时加强对收、销油在体积、密度、含水等参数的监督,来提高原油交接计量精度,降低管输原油损耗。     

Fuzzy Chronic Poverty: A Proposed Response to Measurement Error for Intertemporal Poverty Measurement

A number of chronic poverty measures are now empirically applied to quantify the prevalence and intensity of chronic poverty, vis‐à‐vis transient experiences, using panel data. Welfare trajectories over time are assessed in order to identify the chronically poor and distinguish them from the non‐poor, or the transiently poor, and assess the extent and intensity of intertemporal poverty. We examine the implications of measurement error in the welfare outcome for some popular discontinuous chronic poverty measures, and propose corrections to these measures that seeks to minimize the consequences of measurement error. The approach is based on a novel criterion for the identification of chronic poverty that draws on fuzzy set theory. We illustrate the empirical relevance of the approach with a panel dataset from rural Ethiopia and some simulations.