A Note on the Theme of Too Many Instruments*

The difference and system generalized method of moments (GMM) estimators are growing in popularity. As implemented in popular software, the estimators easily generate instruments that are numerous and, in system GMM, potentially suspect. A large instrument collection overfits endogenous variables even as it weakens the Hansen test of the instruments’ joint validity. This paper reviews the evidence on the effects of instrument proliferation, and describes and simulates simple ways to control it. It illustrates the dangers by replicating Forbes [American Economic Review (2000) Vol. 90, pp. 869–887] on income inequality and Levine et al. [Journal of Monetary Economics] (2000) Vol. 46, pp. 31–77] on financial sector development. Results in both papers appear driven by previously undetected endogeneity.     

Ownership concentration and corporate governance practices: substitution or expropriation effects?

The objective of this study is to analyze the relation between ownership concentration and corporate governance practices of a group of Canadian companies listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange. We rely on the corporate governance index developed by the Report on Business (ROB) in 2002. Our empirical results are consistent with the expropriation effect argument that predicts a negative relation between deviation from the one share‐one vote rule and corporate governance best practices. In this context, the dominant shareholder has incentives to maintain weak internal controls in order to facilitate expropriation. In addition, consistent with prior research, our results give partial support to the substitution effect argument by showing a negative impact of ownership concentration on the board composition subindex. Copyright © 2007 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

试析中国证券市场T+1交易制度改革

中国证券市场曾经实行过T+0交易制度,由于存在过度投机T+0被取消,进而推出了T+1交易制度。2010年之后,股指期货等金融衍生产品的推出标志着中国证券改革正走向纵深,T+1交易制度已经不再适应中国资本市场的重大变化,特别是光大“8·16”乌龙事件中,机构利用股指期货和ETF变相T+0交易规避风险,市场的公平与效率亟待维护和提升。为此,本文提出在沪深300成分股中率先实行T+0制度的渐次改革原则及其三大理由。     

加入“WTO”后我国银行的竞争力分析

我国金融业的对外开放,从实质来讲是一个自觉地引入外部竞争者、主动出让市场份额的渐进过程。加入WTO后,我国的国有商业银行与外资银行的竞争将更加激烈。文章简要论述了如何增强国有商业银行的竞争力。     

无人机通信总线应用系统的研究

本文介绍了我国无人机的发展现状,对几种总线标准进行了比较,最终选择了1553B总线,对无人机通信系统进行了规划,并设计了一套地面测试系统,给出了系统的软硬件实现方法。     

股权结构与公司绩效的关系分析——来自中国证券市场的经验证据

本文以净资产收益率和市净率为被解释变量,以股权构成为解释变量,使用2003年度中国上市公司的相关数据,考察了股权结构对上市公司绩效的影响。而国家股可能产生负面影响,同时法人股东在中国的公司治理可能会承担至关重要的责任,大型机构投资者和战略投资者在公司治理中的作用应该得到进一步的发挥。     

IFRS within the Multi‐GAAP Canadian Reality: A Teaching and Learning Imperative for Intermediate Financial Accounting

Intermediate accounting instructors need to be engaged in the specific complexities and challenges of the new international financial reporting standards (IFRS) reality within the Canadian multi‐GAAP environment. Intermediate accounting courses are directly affected because they represent substantive coverage of the corporate reporting environment. In this article I make the case that these courses should primarily reflect IFRS standards in order to entrench IFRS competencies in students who wish to pursue a professional designation, to prepare students for the global environment, and to concentrate IFRS expertise issues in a robust instructor group. The competency maps of each of the three Canadian professional accounting bodies clearly reflect IFRS. Students can analyze the implications of major areas of policy differences between IFRS and private enterprise GAAP (PEGAAP) through specific targeted course coverage, but also through active learning elements, particularly research elements. This commentary reflects some of the active debate occurring regarding postsecondary curriculum as Canada adapts to IFRS and PEGAAP, and encourages action.     

Infrastructure development for alternative fuel vehicles on a highway road system

A new mathematical model for positioning alternative fuel (AF) refueling stations on directed-transportation networks with the objective of maximizing the coverage of path flow volume is proposed. This model is especially designed for developing an AF infrastructure on toll roads and other highways, where vehicles do not need to exit the road network for refueling, some candidate station locations are not located at interchanges, and some stations may only service vehicles on one driving direction. The proposed model is applied to the Pennsylvania Turnpike System using the 2011 truck traffic data and considering different vehicle driving ranges.     

高速铁路车站到发线运用优化研究

高速铁路车站到发线运用计划根据列车运行计划、动车组交路计划编制各列车占用到发线的起止时间,以均衡、合理使用到发线和方便旅客上下车为原则,为每一列车安排合适的到发线。在分析高速铁路车站到发线运用特点和原则的基础上,建立高速铁路车站到发线运用的0-1规划模型,并利用遗传算法求解。通过算例分析,编制长沙南站的到发线运用方案,说明方法的具体应用。