Visitors’ satisfaction at managed tourist attractions in Northern Norway: Do on-site factors matter?

A plethora of research has studied the antecedents of visitor experience in destinations and tourist attractions. Few studies have systematically analyzed the discriminating effects of different types of on-site factors (presentation platform and support services) on tourist satisfaction at different attraction sites. To fill the gap, the current study examines whether and to what extent it is possible to identify some distinct sub-categories of on-site factors with discriminating effects on visitors’ perceptions and evaluations of the site, while taking into consideration the impact of attraction type and visitor type. The findings of a paper-and-pencil survey among 632 visitors at four attraction sites in Northern Norway suggest that visitor perceptions of presentation platform and support services differ significantly by attraction site and type of visit. Also, technological and oral/traditional presentation platforms have discriminating effects on visitor satisfaction among the four sites. The results offer some new research insights into the role of different presentation tools at visitor attractions. Several important practical implications for attraction managers and marketers to drive visitor satisfaction are also provided.     

Propensity for hedging and ambiguity aversion

We study ambiguity aversion by introducing some new notions of propensity for hedging that are less general than convexity of preferences. We therefore characterize the corresponding properties of the capacity and Choquet functional, and link them with actual observed behaviors under uncertainty (Fox et al., 1996; Tversky and Wakker, 1995).     

Exploration of congruence in perceptions of buyer–supplier attraction: A dyadic multiple case study

In long-term complex buyer–supplier relationships, many exchanges are non-contractual, a factor that emphasizes the social dimension of the relationship. Previous studies have shown that attraction is a fundamental aspect of the social dimension and a main driver in non-contractual exchanges. Although attraction is a determinant of a relationship, many studies have examined the relationship only from the buyer's or supplier's perspective. Our study extends this research stream by considering the dyadic aspect of attraction and poses the following questions: Does the success of a relationship require that both parties perceive it to be attractive? How important is it to understand how the company looks in the eyes of the other party? In this paper, we explore the dyadic aspect of buyer–supplier attraction by analyzing six cases, two buyer firms and six supplier firms and by conducting a total of 43 interviews. By using cross-case analyses, we develop a set of proposals for explaining how congruence in perceptions of attraction affects relationship success.     

旅游资源吸引力距离衰减的实证研究——一个多维感知的视角

感知距离是旅游研究中不可忽视的现象。国内外相关学者对旅游资源的吸引力随着距离的衰减进行了研究,但对感知距离的认识还缺乏系统性。旅游资源吸引力受到多维感知距离衰减和调节变量的影响程度,在古典尊贵性、古典军事性、租界历史性、宗教文化性、民间风俗性五种代表性历史风貌建筑旅游资源吸引力的衰减模型中,表现不一,共同点是随着空间、时间及文化距离的增加,吸引力会降低,若是交通便利,并有人伴随的情况下,吸引力则会大大增加,但也有不同情况,民间风俗性资源的吸引力则是文化距离越大,吸引力越大。     

Towards an understanding of attraction in buyer–supplier relationships

This paper explores how firms are attracted to one another within buyer–supplier dyads. It draws attention to ways of managing in a relational mode as an alternative to managing in a controlling mode. This study argues that in order to improve value creation and value transfer in buyer–supplier relationships it is not enough to optimize and coordinate management and control systems. Following Dwyer et al. [Dwyer, R., Schurr, P.H. and Oh, S. (1987). Developing buyer–seller relationships. Journal of Marketing, 51: 11–27.], it argues that mutual attraction is important in developing relationships. It is also argued that this can be achieved through a range of perceptual approaches and actions, which enhance performance between the parties involved. A conceptual model of attraction is developed with theoretical underpinnings in social exchange theory. It proposes three behavioral constraints: expected value, trust, and dependence. These components of attraction interact to draw dyadic parties closer together or push them apart. Finally, implications for research and practice are discussed.     

财政压力、经济刺激与以地引资——基于工业用地微观数据的经验证据

尽管我国地方政府面临较大的财政压力,但各地为了招商引资,往往竞相低价出让工业用地。地方政府的土地出让策略反映了官员的行为驱动机制。本文基于2006—2015年我国289个地级市约34万宗工业用地出让的微观数据,按是否低于政策规定的最低出让价为标准,将工业用地出让划分为以地引资性质出让和正常出让两类。文章借助经济刺激政策的外生冲击,考察了财政压力下地方政府的工业用地出让策略,并探讨了官员特征对出让策略的影响。研究发现:财政压力会显著减少地方政府以地引资性质的工业用地出让。而当经济刺激政策出台后,尽管财政压力增大,但由于体制外融资渠道增多,财政压力对地方政府以地引资行为的约束作用明显减弱,导致地方以地引资的出让面积显著增加。从官员的晋升激励来看,在刺激政策实施后,任期更长的官员更倾向于增加以地引资的工业用地出让。因此,应合理安排中央与地方的财力与事权,把握宏观调控的力度和方式,同时构建起适应高质量发展需求的干部考核制度。     

Factors influencing the co-occurrence of visits to attractions: The case of Madrid,Spain

Large destinations such as cities usually offer multiple and diverse attractions, a selection of which will be visited by tourists during their stay. This study analyses the factors influencing the probability of the co-occurrence of visits to attractions in the city of Madrid (Spain). On the basis of five years (2013–2018) of user-generated data, we built a network formed by the attractions visited by the tourists and fitted it to an exponential random graph model. The results show that a tourist's decision to visit a particular attraction was influenced by its popularity and rating. In addition, homophily in popularity, rating and some attraction categories was detected. In the analysis made of the temporal trend of the attraction network, it was found that homophily in the category of museums and theatres strengthened over the study period. Identifying the forces that connect attractions is crucial for their efficient management, promotion, and preservation.     

江苏省科技领军人才引进与培育政策演进脉络

科技领军人才是建设创新型国家、增强我国国际竞争力最重要的人才资源。为探究我国科技领军人才引进与培育政策体系演进脉络，聚焦江苏省实践，筛选出58项相关政策进行文本内容分析，发现江苏省科技领军人才政策体系总体经历了探索期、快速增长期和加速发展期3个阶段；呈现出自下而上与横向拓展相结合的特征；政策核心主题经历了从物质条件保障向制度环境建设的转变；政策体系顶层设计逐步从政府主导向社会多元主体共同设计转变。最后，提出了科技领军人才引进与培育政策体系优化建议，为高层次科技人才工作实践提供参考借鉴。     

试论旅游文学对旅游景观的广告作用

我国幅员辽阔,旅游资源丰富,风景名胜不计其数。许多环境优美、富有特色的景观却因为知名度不高,仍处于＂养在深闺人未识＂的境况。我们认为,旅游景区的知名度与传播的内容,传播的方式,传播的途径等因素密不可分。我们通过研究旅游景区的传播途径,分析旅游文学与旅游景区内在联系,希望借鉴旅游文学的影响力及其广而告之的效用,让＂优质潜力股＂的景区为大众所知悉,从而推动旅游业进一步健康发展。     

飞地经济与横向生态补偿机制构建探索——以成都、甘孜共建成甘工业园区为例

中央专项转移支付是目前我国实行生态补偿的主要方式,地区间的横向生态补偿机制尚处探索阶段,加快形成地区间横向生态补偿机制的具体模式是生态文明体系建设的重要内容。2015年,四川省成都市和甘孜州合作共建的“飞地产业园区”——成甘工业园区被认为是贯彻党中央构建横向生态补偿机制精神的典范。本文通过对成甘工业园区的详细考察,在与传统工业园区发展模式进行多维比较的基础上,认为“飞地经济”模式下的工业园区能够为探索地区间横向生态补偿机制提供积极经验,总体上符合两地的共同利益。但与传统模式相比,飞地经济模式存在运行逻辑上的内在差异,这种差异导致博弈过程中的弱势方甘孜州在客观上承担了能源、资源输出以及优惠政策中转的责任,可能引发甘孜州的新型贫困等潜在问题。因此,建议通过加快构建甘孜州水电资源开发生态修复产业化制度、完善现有的“成甘飞地经济”模式、实施“产城一体”的飞地工业园区发展战略等措施推动飞地经济更好服务于生态补偿机制建设。