口述材料的档案属性及档案在修志中的利用

本文以新的视野论述了“档案”涵盖范围的新概念，应包括两个方面的内涵：一是社会实践活动直接形成的文件和材料；二是基于社会实践而产生的口述材料，前者是档案的基本组成部分，后者是档案的必要补充部分，二者同样具有知识形态的历史记录的属性。历史档案和口述材料的利用，必须认真考订，辩明其真伪错讹；史料入书要惜墨如金，达到文约而事丰的效果。     

α-Optimal sampling plans for large acceptance numbers

Acceptance sampling by attributes is an important tool of industrial quality control. In this paper the sampling plan is selected according to a given cost situation using the assumption that one knows the probability that the number of defective items in a lot does not exceed break even quality. An approximate solution is derived for the case that either the sampling cost is small or the lot sizeN large, which both imply a large acceptance numberc.     

The Displacement Effect of Public Pensions on the Accumulation of Financial Assets*

The generosity of public pensions may depress private savings and provide incentives to retire early. While there is plenty of evidence supporting the latter effect, there remains considerable controversy over whether public pensions crowd out private savings. This paper uses international micro‐data sets collected over recent years to investigate whether public pensions displace private savings. The identification strategy relies not only on cross‐country differences in generosity but also on differences in the progressivity or non‐linearity of pension formulas across countries. We estimate that an extra dollar of pension wealth depresses accumulated financial assets around the time of retirement by 22 cents. An extra 10,000 dollars in public pension wealth reduces the average retirement age by roughly one month, which implies an elasticity of years of retirement with respect to pension wealth of 0.15.     

Quantifying landscape externalities of renewable energy development: Implications of attribute cut-offs in choice experiments

Renewable energy is worldwide seen as a key element necessary to address climate change. However, finding socially acceptable locations for renewable energy facilities and the accompanying infrastructure increasingly often faces fierce opposition. This paper quantifies the landscape externalities of renewable energies employing a choice experiment. In addition, it is investigated how accounting for non-compensatory choice behavior, i.e. attribute cut-offs, affects welfare measures and subsequently policy recommendations. The empirical application is Germany where we conducted a nationwide survey on the development of renewable energies. We first show that cut-off elicitation questions prior to the choice experiment at least partially influence preferences. We further find that most participants state cut-off levels for attributes. Many are, however, at the same time willing to violate the self-imposed thresholds when choosing among the alternatives. To account for this effect, stated cut-offs are incorporated into a mixed logit model following the soft cut-off approach. Model results indicate substantial taste heterogeneity in preferences and in the use of cutoffs. Also, welfare estimates are substantially affected. We conclude that welfare changes from renewable energy development could be strongly underestimated when cut-offs are ignored.     

A Stochastic Model with Penalized Coefficients for Spatial Price Comparisons: An Application to Regional Price Indexes in Italy

This paper focuses on a new strand of research that uses stochastic approach for making spatial price comparisons. We propose a novel method to account for the presence of spatial dependencies in consumer prices and consequently in price indexes by imposing penalization conditions on the estimation of traditional CPD models leading to the spatially-penalized country-product-dummy (SP-CPD) model. The paper proposes an appropriate estimation strategy, which enables us to simultaneously estimate all the parameters in the model, including the smoothing parameter of the penalization term instead of determining it externally. In order to estimate spatial price indexes for areas lacking in price data, we suggest applying the kriging methodology to the price indexes obtained from the SP-CPD model. This new approach is applied to official Italian CPI data for constructing regional spatial price indexes for 2014. The results show that price levels are higher in the Northern-Central regions than in the South.     

中国企业兼并特质分析

本文梳理了中国企业兼并的历史,归纳了不同历史背景下的企业兼并特点。主要从产权、资本市场和目前中国企业在世界兼并中所处的地位等角度对中国企业的特质进行了归纳和分析,指出了我国企业兼并存在的一些问题,并就中国企业兼并模式提出了三点建议。     

The Intensity and Shape of Inequality: The ABG Method of Distributional Analysis

Inequality is anisotropic: its intensity varies by income level. We here develop a new tool, the isograph, to focus on local inequality and illustrate these variations. This method yields three coefficients which summarize the shape of inequality: a main coefficient, α, which measures inequality at the median; and two correction coefficients, β and γ, which pick up any differential curvature at the top and bottom of the distribution. The analysis of a set of 232 microdata samples from 41 different countries in the LIS datacenter archive allows us to provide a systematic overview of the properties of the ABG (α β γ) coefficients, which are compared to a set of standard indices including Atkinson indices, generalized entropy, Wolfson polarization, and the GB2 distribution. This method also provides a smoothing tool that reveals the differences in the shape of distributions (the strobiloid) and how these have changed over time.     

A Study to Improve the Method of Ascertaining Attribute Weight Based on Rough Sets Theory

There are some shortages to ascertain attribute weight based on rough set in current studies. In this paper, attribute importance represented by rough set is studied deeply. Aiming at the existing problems, algebra presentation of rough sets is proved to be more comprehensive than its information presentation, then a new method of ascertaining attribute weigh is put forward based on rough set conditional entropy. Finally, it is shown that the new method is more reasonable than the old one by an example.     

我国高被引作者群体属性研究

高被引作者是国家或地区最具影响力的科研群体,体现了国家或地区知识创新的制高点。利用中国引文数据库,对我国前100名高被引作者群体属性进行统计分析,并得出相应结果。从基本属性看,我国高被引作者平均发文量349篇,平均年龄64岁,集中于苏、浙、沪地区;从教育属性看,博士研究生已成为我国科技研究的主力军,且数量持续扩大,第一学历颁发单位较为分散,最后学历颁发单位较为集中;从研究领域看,自然科学仍占绝对优势;从流动性看,我国高被引作者流动性较好,但同时也存在一定程度的学术近亲繁殖现象;从职业属性看,绝大多数高被引作者集中在高校及科研院所,普遍缺少企业从业经历,且承担着较重的行政职务及较多的社会兼职。