略论农民专业合作社法的经济法属性

从分析农民专业合作社法的部门法属性的必要性入手,在对农民专业合作社法所体现的经济法的一般属性分析的基础上,着重对农民专业合作社法的相关具体内容所体现出来的经济法"管理型"立法和"促进型"立法所具有的特殊属性进行具体分析,指明农民专业合作社法具有经济法属性.     

浅谈FPGA设计中的属性标志

本文主要介绍ＦＰＧＡ设计中属性标志的加注方法，ＬＣＡ的命名规则，常用的几种属性标志，及其含义、特点和用法。     

HR department professionalism: a comparison between the UK and other European countries

Although HRM professionalism in terms of the competence of individual HR practitioners receives considerable attention, the collective professional behaviour of HR departments in organizations is more frequently overlooked. This paper, based on Europe-wide survey data, attempts to bridge this gap in our understanding by examining HR department professionalism in terms of strategic involvement in corporate activities. Findings for the UK indicate that HR departments as a whole demonstrate limited professional behaviour and that this situation has remained largely stable over the last decade. However, variations between national contexts are notable. A key observation is the consistently significant positive correlation in the UK between board membership and the department's level of strategic involvement.     

Governance for climate-change adaptive capacity in the Swedish electricity sector

Abstract

This article analyses the capacity for climate change adaptation (CCA) in the Swedish electricity grid sector. Utilizing two perspectives from organization theory it directs attention to changes in the sector, from the 1980s until 2010, with radical change with an NPM-reform in 1996. For the time before 1996 findings indicate a high CCA capacity. The reform led to a reduction in this capacity through an increased emphasis on economic efficiency, although there also has been some room for robustness-considerations. This article shows that organizational culture and formal structure influence the capacity to adapt to climate change.     

International Comparisons of Labour Productivity in Transport and Communications: The US,the UK and Germany

We construct benchmark estimates of labour productivity covering the transport and communications sectors for the US, UK and Germany for 1992 and 1993. The US lead is substantial in rail and trucking, even after adjusting for differences in stage length, but Britain leads in air transport and all three countries have similar productivity levels in local transport. In telecommunications and postal services the US enjoys a large lead over both the UK and Germany. We compare these estimates based on industry data with ones derived from the national accounts and find them similar in communications but not in transport. For 1973–96, and also 1989–96, productivity was growing slower in the US, hence some of the gap has been closed.     

Measuring Aggregate Human Capital

Weconstruct a set of human capital indexes for the states of theUnited States for each census year starting in 1940. To do so,we propose a new methodology for the construction of index numbersin panel data sets. Our method is based on an optimal approachby which we choose the ``best' set of index numbers by minimizingthe expected estimation error subject to some research constraints.Some of the empirical findings are that the stock of human capitalin the United States grew twice as rapidly as the average yearsof schooling and that human capital inequality across stateswent up during the 1980s (while the dispersion of schooling actuallyfell). We conclude that using the average years of schoolingfor the empirical study of existing growth models may be misleading.     

New energy vehicle online selection method considering attribute compensation relationship and aspiration strength

With the development of information technology, online trading platforms for new energy vehicles, represented by Autohome.com, provide individualized decision-making support services for consumers. Considering that consumers often have different attribute requirements when deciding to buy a new energy vehicle. From the requirement information, we can derive the consumers' individual preferences for attribute compensation relationships. This relationship may also indicate, to some extent, that consumers have different strength constraints on different attribute requirements, i.e. aspiration strength. Therefore, to adjust consumers' attribute aspirations and select more products that satisfy consumers’ requirements, this paper investigates how to derive aspiration strength based on the attribute compensation relationship provided by consumers. Specifically, we first define a functional mapping relationship between the attribute compensation relationship and the aspiration strength. According to the mapping relationship, we obtain the aspiration strength. We can change the attribute aspirations based on aspiration strength. Furthermore, attribute compensation relationships are considered to compensate for the product attribute performance. Based on this, we design a new online selection method for new energy vehicles. Finally, a case study of Autohome.com is proposed to verify the effectiveness of the method. We use comparative analysis and random number experiments to demonstrate its robustness and necessity.     

Effect of crowd wisdom on pricing in the asset-based sharing platform: An attribute substitution perspective

Technological advancement has led to the emergence of online platforms fueled by the sharing economy across various industries. This study focuses on Airbnb - a specific asset-based sharing platform in the hospitality industry. Applying the theory of attribute substitution, we explore the wisdom of the crowd manifested in online reviews, in impacting pricing. We found that online review valence and volume have a positive association with room price. Depending on the crowdedness of the location this association is stronger or weaker. Customers care more about room popularity (volume) in a certain area when the fast system of decision-making is triggered. When, however, the slow system is triggered, customers consider the crime rate of a location (valence). Findings show how environmental stimuli and customer reviews decide room price - a variable that was decided traditionally by companies (e.g., hotels). The research furthers our understanding on asset-based platforms in the sharing economy.     

Assessing National Resource Claims and Welfare Contributions—A Search for a Rational Consensus

Macro-economic aggregates carrying the same labels in different countries (GNP, investment, defence expenditure, etc.), even when uniformly defined, are inevitably measured in different units (dollars, pounds, francs, etc.) and price systems, which makes it difficult, if not impossible, to appraise their relative size. Can we find a way to make them commensurable, in a manner that will enable us to make valid comparisons across national boundaries and economic systems, without arbitrariness or bias between one country and another? This paper suggests a possible method of doing so, based on a stylized consensus of countries making their own assessment, considering only their own welfare implications, without regard to those of their rivals or peers. These assessments are first estimated, and a consensus is then postulated based on conditions of consistency and rationality. This results in a unique set of correction coefficients for conventional prices, to be known as consensual ratings, or ‘co-ratings’ for short. The co-ratings are algebraically defined to be computable from conventional input–output tables supplemented by the import-export networks linking the various countries.