地方立法起草制度研究——以法经济学为视角

自《立法法》规定地方立法机关具有一定立法权限以来,各地制定了相应的立法程序制度,但具体到立法起草制度却规定甚少。学界和地方立法实务中对地方立法起草阶段的成本和效益的研究普遍重视不足,导致地方立法应实现的目标和收益大打折扣。因此,要完善和提高地方立法的质量,就应规范和完善地方立法起草制度,让地方人大发挥其主导作用,对现存的地方立法起草制度规范化和制度化。     

可持续发展与环境保护立法的双向互动

可持续发展客观上推动着环境保护立法的完善,并且把这一理念融入到环境保护立法之中。同时,要真正实现可持续发展离不开环境保护立法的保障与支撑。因此,既要不断推进可持续发展,又要不断完善环境保护立法,从而做到可持续发展与环境保护立法的双向互动。     

Do non-profit hospitals provide more charity care when faced with a mandatory minimum standard? Evidence from Texas

Policymakers often question whether not-for-profit (NFP) hospitals provide enough charity care to justify tax advantages. In 1993, Texas enacted legislation requiring NFP hospitals to provide certain community benefits at levels set forth in specific criteria to retain tax-exempt status; this paper focuses on the effect of the legislation’s requirement that NFP hospitals spend a minimum of 4% of net patient revenue on charity care. We also study a modification of the law passed in 1995, which allows the deduction of bad debts expense when calculating net patient revenue. This change effectively lowers required charity care spending, and our study considers whether Texas hospitals responded by reducing charity care spending.     

THE EFFECT OF GOVERNMENT POLICY ON TOBACCO ADVERTISING STRATEGIES

This paper contributes to the very limited literature examining the factors determining tobacco companies' advertising strategies. The paper explores whether firms in the UK tobacco market significantly changed their advertising expenditure in the face of proposed changes to the UK and European Commission tobacco advertising legislation. The results suggest that changes in legislation have little impact on firms' advertising strategies for existing brands, but that legislative changes impact upon product launch dates. Our results also offer some information on the nature of firm interdependencies in the UK tobacco industry.     

Why sustainable and ‘nutritionally correct’ food is not on the agenda: Western Sydney,the moral arts of everyday life and public policy

Within a context of delivering food security into the future, dietary guidelines are being reframed, corporations are replacing unsustainable products, and consumers are being encouraged to become ecological citizens. While there is a growing literature on the food practices of ‘alternative’ consumers, ‘mainstream’ consumers are less well understood. This paper describes qualitative research undertaken in a socio-economically disadvantaged area of Sydney, Australia, which aimed to uncover consumer views towards sustainable and healthy diets. Most participants indicated a discrepancy between their desired and actual behaviours: while they want to support Australian, or local, food producers they gravitate towards cheap and tasty food from ‘anywhere’; and while they associate nutritious food with fresh food, they will buy processed foods which can be less expensive, appeal to children and are prone to less waste. Reflecting mainstream Australian political culture, participants were compromising household food budgets in order to pursue a socially acceptable standard of living (including decent housing, car-reliance). They were also incorporating the pleasure and desires of family members as part of ‘the moral arts of everyday life’. Using social theories of consumption and practice sociology we argue that food choices and practices – easy or not – need to be interpreted as part of the role that consumption plays in political citizenship and moral subjectivity. In the Western Sydney context, food practices are essentially household budget and family nourishment practices rather than nutrition and sustainability practices; a position which is not addressed in the government’s new food policies or wage determination processes.     

韩国渔业保险法律制度探析

韩国在短时间内构建起较为完备的渔业保险法律制度，其主要内容包括规定立法目的、明确渔业保险监管部门、要求政府提供财政支持、设立渔业灾害补偿保险审议机构、确定渔业保险经营机构、规定渔业保险经营规则、建立渔业保险再保险事业、建立保险纠纷解决机制等。韩国的经验可为我国渔业保险制度建设提供参考。我国应重视渔业保险法制化，国家应为渔业保险提供财政支持，可依托渔业互助合作保险组织经营渔业保险，探索建立渔业保险再保险机制，政府职能部门及地方政府分工配合。     

浅议我国电子商务立法的必要性

电子商务的快速健康发展需要完善的法制体系作保障，积极探索和研究电子商务立法问题，加快建立具有中国特色的电子商务法律体系,对推动我国电子商务发展具有重要意义。     

中外政策性金融立法比较研究

国外政府和立法当局普遍注重政策性金融的专门立法建设，有相应独立完善和系统的法律、法规，不仅在机构成立伊始就有法可依，而且还与时俱进地及时调整修改有关法律。相比之下，我国的政策性金融专门立法受内外因素的制约而严重滞后，并导致了政策性金融与商业性金融机构之间无序竞争等一系列不良后果。所以，必须借鉴国外在政策性金融立法方面的成功经验和惯例，结合中国国情，尽快构筑有中国特色的政策性金融立法机制。     

我国《对外贸易壁垒调查暂行规则》与欧共体《贸易壁垒条例》之比较

我国加入WTO,外国企业利用技术性贸易壁垒,对我国企业产品与技术连续发起狙击,引发国民对破除国外技术贸易壁垒的关注。本文通过对我国《对外贸易壁垒调查暂行规则》与欧共体《贸易壁垒条例》的比较,提出我国《对外贸易壁垒调查暂行规则》存在的问题与不足,建议根据不断变化的形势与特点,制定具创新意义的破除国外技术贸易壁垒的法律。     

发展政策性金融有待解决的三大难题

我国未来政策性金融的发展前景取决于三大难题的解决,即政策性金融的生存空间、业务领域、保障机制。本文认为,政策性金融是市场机制有益的和必要的补充,政策性金融的存在使一国的金融体系得以完善。市场的不足内生了政策性金融的生存空间和具体的业务领域,政策性金融作为一种特殊的金融制度安排,具有战略意义,但政策性金融的可持续发展有赖于专门法律制度的构建和完善。