我国温室气体减排立法的制度建构重点

气候变化应对立法具有典型的政策框架法的特征,因此,从法律与政策的关系维度考量我国温室气体减排立法的制度设计具有非常重要的意义。未来的气候立法,一方面要确认和固化现有政策体系中的规划和计划、目标责任制、地方低碳发展促进制度等一系列政策措施,以推动政策的长期化;另一方面需要通过立法引入碳排放权交易制度、气候环评制度、碳金融制度等一系列新的制度,通过法律的力量推动政策的创新和发展。     

中国环境立法的困境与出路

在环境法律实践的过程中,通过与污染受害者沟通和交流,发现许多问题都是根源于环境立法存在的问题。也就是,环境立法中的单向的立法理念,只注重至上而下的国家力量,这会导致法律与最初目的的偏离,从保护环境利益走向保护部门利益。因此,要寻求新的出路——发展双向融合的立法理念,即注重至上而下的政府主导与至下而上的公众参与有机结合,通过公众有效参与环境立法,发现环境法律实践中的问题,及时反馈到立法领域。从而在有效的互动中完善环境法治。     

从美国修订后的《雷斯法案》看中国《野生植物保护条例》的完善

2008年美国对《雷斯法案》进行了修改,加大了野生植物保护力度,它主要扩展了植物的范围,增设了植物申报制度、涉及植物的违法犯罪类型和处罚类型。与《雷斯法案》相比,中国《野生植物保护条例》效力层级低,对野生植物资源保护范围狭窄,对破坏野生植物资源的违法行为的处罚范围和力度较小,野生植物保护主管部门之间配合不够。因此,针对这些问题主要从立法和执法两个角度提出完善中国野生植物保护条例相应的法律建议。     

Impacts of Vessel Capacity Reduction Programmes on Efficiency in Fisheries: the Case of Australia’s Multispecies Northern Prawn Fishery

Capacity reduction programmes, in the form of buybacks or decommissioning, have had relatively widespread application in fisheries in the US, Europe and Australia. A common criticism of such programmes is that they remove the least efficient vessels first, resulting in an increase in average efficiency of the remaining fleet, which tends to increase the effective fishing power of the remaining fleet. In this paper, the effects of a buyback programme on average technical efficiency in Australia’s Northern Prawn Fishery are examined using a multi‐output production function approach with an explicit inefficiency model. As expected, the results indicate that average efficiency of the remaining vessels was generally greater than that of the removed vessels. Further, there was some evidence of an increase in average scale efficiency in the fleet as the remaining vessels were closer, on average, to the optimal scale. Key factors affecting technical efficiency included company structure and the number of vessels fishing. In regard to fleet size, our model suggests positive externalities associated with more boats fishing at any point in time (due to information sharing and reduced search costs), but also negative externalities due to crowding, with the latter effect dominating the former. Hence, the buyback resulted in a net increase in the individual efficiency of the remaining vessels due to reduced crowding, as well as raising average efficiency through removal of less efficient vessels.     

Knowledge and training in family firms of the European periphery: Spain in the eighteenth to twentieth centuries

This article is a first attempt to explore the relationship between training and entrepreneurship in Spanish family firms. It examines changes and continuities over time, and relates the evolution of the training practices of Spanish family firms to the technical and economic conditions of the first and second industrial revolutions. The article demonstrates the interaction betweeen technical and educational ideas, the creative adaptation to the entrepreneurial needs of regions and economic sectors, and institutional conditions. It is organised in three main sections. The first briefly introduces new institutional and sociological theories applied to the study of the formation of business groups. The second summarises existing literature and research that deals with knowledge transference and business training in Spanish family firms, and provides a general survey of informal and formal business education in eighteenth to twentieth-century Spain. The third presents case studies of changing training practices in big and old family firms, and relates this evidence with theoretical and institutional insights.     

非WTO国际法规范适用于WTO文化贸易的可行性——以中美文化产品案的法律适用问题为视角

WTO法律体系不是一个封闭的法律怪圈,非WTO国际法规范在理论上具有适用于WTO案件的可能性与必要性,在实践中WTO争端解决机构也曾适用非WTO国际法规范解决成员方的贸易争端。适用的渊源包括一般法律原则和国际条约,适用的方式包括直接适用和"作为解释的证据和材料"。而中国在中美文化产品案中的败诉凸显出WTO的文化贸易立法不具自足性,无法保证成员有效维护本国文化主权。在WTO现有文化贸易立法之外,存在适用《文化多样性公约》等非WTO国际法规范的可行性。认识到这一点,对于处于国际文化贸易弱势地位的中国具有另辟蹊径的现实意义。     

我国民间商会管理体制法律重构研究

长期以来,由于我国商会统一立法的阙如和管理体制相对落后,导致工商联所属的民间商会组织无法获得应有法律地位和权利,而且在发展中面临着重重困难。因此,如何在分析目前政会关系的基础上,找寻民间商会管理体制的缺陷,并对其进行法律的重构直接关系着民间商会健康、良性之发展。     

生态法益视角下破坏森林资源犯罪立法之完善

从生态法益的视角分析了我国刑法关于破坏森林资源犯罪的立法缺陷。要发挥刑法在保护森林资源,维护生态系统平衡方面的作用,就应以生态利益为标准,以生态法益的理念完善现行刑法,确立生态法益在刑法法益中的独立地位,在破坏森林资源的犯罪构成以及刑事制裁方式等方面体现生态利益的要求。     

论亲属免证权及其构建——以港澳台立法为视角

"亲亲相隐"之传统法制理念本应为当下刑事诉讼立法所继受,但现状是:除港澳台"三地"的相关立法对其予以坚守外,我国刑事诉讼法并未对此原则加以规定。然而,鉴于亲属免证制度在维护伦理亲情、保障人权方面的重要意义,或出于复归传统,或出于人伦维系,我国均有必要在借鉴港澳台立法经验与特点的前提下,于现行《刑事诉讼法》中确立亲属免证权制度及其规则。     

治理跨国公司商业贿赂的法律思考

本文从跨国公司视角剖析了商业贿赂犯罪对中国社会造成的巨大危害,在梳理、归纳国内现有的反商业贿赂法律法规的基础上,提出了反商业贿赂犯罪的法律建议。