Willingness to pay for brands: a cross‐region,cross‐category analysis

Using survey data collected in multiple locations (California and Texas in the United States and Revohot in Israel), we quantify category‐ and location‐specific variations of consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for brand products after controlling for consumer characteristics. We find that consumers have a similar qualitative assessment of brand value in different product categories across different locations. That is, consumers have a stronger preference and higher WTP for brands in consumer electronics, followed by clothing and then processed food, and the lowest in fresh produce. Furthermore, we simulate price premiums and market shares of brands relative to generic products in different categories. Simulation results suggest that brands in fresh produce have the highest price premium but lowest market share. Despite the similarities, the magnitude of WTP for brands as well as the simulated price premium and the corresponding market share in the same product category are location variant. The similarities and dissimilarities suggest validity of having global brand strategies adapted to local conditions, that is, the so‐called “thinking globally and acting locally” strategy.     

浅析企业战略性薪酬策略

薪酬作为人力资源管理中战略性激励机制的焦点之一,是员工为企业工作所追求的个人目标和工作动机产生的源泉,是决定企业战略性激励有效性的关键变量。应从设计业绩工资制度、根据战略要求选择工资政策、注重内在薪酬的激励作用、关注薪酬设计的沟通交流及让员工参与薪酬制度的设计与管理等方面着手制定薪酬策略,提高企业人力资源激励效率。     

房价与企业高管薪酬业绩敏感性

非房地产企业受房价上涨的吸引投资于房地产业务,虽然能给企业带来业绩增长,但这使得企业业绩很难衡量高管的努力程度,业绩质量也不高,根据高管薪酬的最优契约理论,企业业绩在高管薪酬契约中的使用权重会被降低。基于中国35个大中城市的房价数据以及中国非房地产业的上市公司数据,研究发现：高房价显著降低了企业高管薪酬业绩敏感性,这一影响在高管薪酬契约有效性较高时更显著;以上结论在使用DID模型控制反向因果内生性问题后依然成立。     

Reports of Bed Bugs on Hotel Selection: A Choice Experiment

The resurgence of bed bugs in the United States creates challenges for hotels and motels. One aspect that is especially important to hospitality are reports of bed bugs and how they affect travellers’ selection and potential damage to hotel brands. To address this issue, we conduct a choice experiment of a national sample of US travellers. We find that consumers expectedly respond negatively to reports of bed bugs, and they are sensitive to the number of reports of bed bugs. Through consumer Willingness to Pay for a hotel room, we quantify the negative impact of reports of bed bugs on the hotel industry through lost room premium. Expectedly, avoiding bed bugs is more valuable among those who worry more about bed bugs, but prior knowledge and experience have no effect. How explicitly the reports of bed bugs are disclosed to travellers affects their reaction and Willingness to Pay greatly.     

企业代扣代缴个人所得税的核算及会计处理

个人所得税实行源泉控制,由支付人履行代扣代缴的义务。个人所得税的计税依据为含税收入,不能以纳税人实际取得的收入作为应纳税所得额。应纳税所得额为纳税人取得的含税收入减去法定扣除额后的余额。文章就代扣代缴所得税的核算与会计处理作了实例说明。     

The private provision of public environment: Consumer preferences for organic production systems

This paper analyses individual preferences regarding environmental and health improvement technologies in organic food production systems. The impure public model is applied to explore the implications of organic food preferences for environmental market provision. Empirical results from a survey reveal that consumers are willing to pay for both health gains and environmental friendly technologies in organic milk production, although the valuation of the health aspects is higher. Prior information about organic production systems and shopping convenience are key variables in interpersonal comparisons of willingness to pay. The perceived overall value of organic production systems was higher among individuals with stronger environmental preferences than among those who prioritise health concerns. The conclusions of this study may have implications for the analysis of efficiency in the organic produce market.     

岷江上游森林生态系统服务条件价值评估

针对岷江上游森林生态系统服务现状,采用条件价值评估法(CVM),以支付卡形式设计了374份调查问卷,调查了岷江流域居民对上游森林生态系统服务的支付意愿(WTP)。结果表明:岷江流域60.80%的居民家庭对岷江上游森林生态系统服务存在支付意愿,平均支付意愿为每户每年44.00元。按照岷江流域现有家庭数量计算,岷江上游森林生态系统服务价值每年是5 507.48×104元。利用二元Logistic模型,对支付意愿与个人社会经济变量进行了较为详尽的分析,并对影响居民支付意愿的主要因素作了环境经济学解释。     

CEO对企业战略选择的影响

企业战略是企业一切活动的出发点,是企业发展的灵魂和纲要,战略的好坏直接影响着企业是否可以不断成长,是否可以基业长青。战略的制定受企业外部环境、企业资源与能力状况等许多因素的影响,其中,企业的CEO对企业战略的制定、选择、实施等环节有着举足轻重的影响力。笔者首先分析了现有的对企业战略与CEO关系的学者观点;其次在分析案例的基础上提出了自己的认识;最后给出CEO选择的建议。     

Willingness to Pay for Rural Landscape Improvements: Combining Mixed Logit and Random‐Effects Models

This paper reports the findings from a discrete‐choice experiment designed to estimate the economic benefits associated with rural landscape improvements in Ireland. Using a mixed logit model, the panel nature of the dataset is exploited to retrieve willingness‐to‐pay values for every individual in the sample. This departs from customary approaches in which the willingness‐to‐pay estimates are normally expressed as measures of central tendency of an a priori distribution. Random‐effects models for panel data are subsequently used to identify the determinants of the individual‐specific willingness‐to‐pay estimates. In comparison with the standard methods used to incorporate individual‐specific variables into the analysis of discrete‐choice experiments, the analytical approach outlined in this paper is shown to add considerable explanatory power to the welfare estimates.     

薪酬战略与薪酬满意度的关系

本文对我国三个地区11家企业287份有效问卷进行统计分析,在控制了基本的个人和组织变量、工资水平后,结果发现基于岗位的薪酬制度能提高薪酬管理、福利两方面的满意度;有奖金的薪酬制度能提高薪酬水平的满意度;高于外部市场平均水平的薪酬制度能提高薪酬管理、福利两方面的满意度;以长期绩效来定奖金的薪酬制度与薪酬满意度不相关;以个体绩效为主要标准确定奖金的薪酬制度能提高四个方面的薪酬满意度。