影响高职院校实践教学质量的因素及对策分析

实践教学是高职生获得职业能力的重要途径,随着实践教学比例的提高,出现的问题也不断增多,特别是实践教学中学生被沦为廉价劳动力的现象,已引起社会愈来愈多的关注。本文基于狭义实践教学条件下,对影响高职院校实践教学质量的主要因素进行了分析,并根据影响因素提出了相应对策。     

The first wave of the Soviet oil offensive: The Anglo-American Alliance and the flow of ‘Red Oil’ to Finland during the 1950s

During the 1950s, many observers regarded the expansion of Soviet oil exports as a serious threat to Western political and economic interests. Finland was the first non-communist European country that started to buy Soviet oil on a large scale. This made the country vulnerable to Soviet political pressure. An examination of the Finnish case indicates that Anglo-American governments adopted a much more complex attitude towards the emergence of the Soviet Union as an exporter of oil than the Cold War rhetoric would suggest. The US and British governments were not automatically willing to support their oil companies or to try to block Soviet oil exports. Instead of seeing Soviet oil exports to Finland simply as a threat to Western interests, the Foreign Office and the State Department considered the precise implications that Finnish purchases of Soviet oil would have on Western strategic interests on a case-by-case basis. Many other government departments were more interested in promoting their own departmental interests.     

Acquisitions and firm growth: Creating Unilever's ice cream and tea business

The role of acquisitions has been widely discussed in management literature. There is considerable evidence that many acquisitions fail, often because of post-acquisition problems. More recently business historians have examined their role in the restructuring of the British, American and other economies after World War Two. Yet the historical and management literatures have been poorly integrated. This article seeks to address some of the issues raised in the management literature by contributing a longitudinal case study of the use of acquisitions by Unilever to build the world's largest ice cream and tea businesses. The study supports recent resource-based theory which argues that complementary rather than related acquisitions add value. It identifies the importance of local knowledge as a key complementary asset. It also identifies reasons why Unilever was able to integrate acquisitions quite successfully, including clear strategic intent and the fact that employee resistance was reduced because most acquisitions were agreed. Finally Unilever could take a long-term view because of its size, and relative unconcern for shareholder interests before the 1980s.     

Enterprises,incentives and networks: The formative years of the electrical network in Portugal, 1920–1947

Path-dependence, the formation of technological irreversibilities and ownership patterns, have recently been salient aspects in the study of historical networks. This article analyses the formative years of public utilities in a period where the advantages of co-ordination, interconnection or integration between enterprises was still incipient. The purpose is to understand what happens when the competition to expand the physical extensions of nodes and links is suddenly blocked, and the enterprises can only compete to increase supply. The theme is thus of network enterprises operating without some of the standard incentives to economies of scale. The allocational and distributional consequences of this particular situation are exposed through an examination of the case study of Portuguese electrification in the first half of the twentieth century.     

International entrepreneurship research in emerging economies: A critical review and research agenda

This article systematically reviews and critically examines international entrepreneurship research in emerging economies (IEEE research), and articulates its importance, timeliness and relevance in consideration of the growing influence of emerging markets in the global economy. A systematic analysis of eighty-eight journal articles published over the last two decades reveals that IEEE research is a vibrant and rapidly growing stream of the broader international entrepreneurship (IE) domain, and that it is methodologically and topically diverse. Our review also shows that IEEE research has a limited presence in premier journals, is highly skewed in its geographic coverage, and is somewhat fragmented. We therefore inventory and critically evaluate the extant IEEE research with the aim of increasing its quality, coherence, scope, and impact. On the basis of our critique, we develop an ambitious research agenda that addresses a number of emergent global phenomena and raises exciting new questions for scholars in entrepreneurship, international business, and other related disciplines.     

Changing laundry habits in Norway

Maintenance is often the most energy‐demanding stage during clothes' life cycle. Therefore, a shift towards more sustainable washing habits has great potential to reduce the consumption of energy, water and detergent. This paper discusses the change in laundering practices during the past 10 years in Norway and suggests strategies to help consumers change their laundry habits to more sustainable ones. Quantitative information of consumers' experiences, habits and opinions concerning clothing maintenance was collected through three surveys in Norway in 2002, 2010 and 2011. The 2010 study was supplemented with qualitative in‐depth interviews of a strategic sample of households. The average washing temperature has decreased slightly during the studied time periods. Some products' washing frequencies remained the same, whereas other products such as jeans were used a few more days before washing. The cotton programme is the most used washing programme, but short programmes are gaining popularity. The laundry sorting processes vary greatly and are influenced by several factors such as washing temperature, colours, fibre type and use area. For some consumers, the use of several different sorting categories made it more difficult to collect a sufficient amount of clothing to fill the machine. They were also afraid that overfilling the machine would result in clothes that were not clean enough or had detergent residues. Detergent dosing practices are far from optimal. In 2010, although the majority of respondents only used eye measure and did not know the water hardness of their area, they still tried to vary detergent dosage based on the amount of laundry and the level of soiling. Different design for sustainable behaviour strategies could be used within detergent dosage systems, care labelling, machine programme selection (such as suggesting lower temperature and eco‐programme), machine filling grade indicators, storage systems for slightly used clothing and textile material choice.     

关于船舶类高职英语过渡性教材的研究

目前我国高职院校的英语配套教材,实用性差,现有的专业英语教材有一定的深度,使得教师在对于教材内容的处理上,感觉很苦恼,而学生在有限的课时内,很难消化所需的知识,造成专业英语“空设”的现象。通过对高职英语教材实用性的研究,我院编写了的专业英语过渡性教材。职业性、实用性是本教材的主要特征,兼顾层次差别,尊重认知过程,协调各级教学。     

笑永远是自觉的——论老舍的幽默创作风格

老舍认为,笑永远是自觉的,对于幽默创作风格有独到见解和自觉追求。其理论主张：寓理于谐、寓悲于谐、寓讽于谐、笑骂,而又不赶尽杀绝;其幽默创作风格形成原因,在于家庭、民族、社会、时代的影响,以及中外喜剧艺术的滋养;而发展历程,可谓历经波折,多方探索,才终至出神入化妙境;其主要艺术技巧：夸张渲染、嗜癖重复、语言错位、自相矛盾、巧用比喻和谐趣句式。老舍实现对自我与前人的超越,成为20世纪中国蜚声海内外的幽默大师。     

退耕还林（草）对延安市粮食生产及粮食安全的影响

该文以退耕还林试点市延安为研究对象,运用最小人均耕地面积和耕地压力指数模型法,对延安市1997～2009年间耕地变化动态与粮食生产情况进行了分析研究。研究结果表明:1998～2003年延安市耕地压力指数、最小耕地面积呈上升态势,2003年后则趋于下降;近些年耕地压力指数略高于1,区内耕地压力、粮食供需矛盾有所缓解,但粮食安全问题依然存在。     

论保险人明确说明义务的范围

保险人需明确说明的＂免除保险人责任的条款＂应包括免除或者限制保险人责任的条款,其并不局限于保险合同中约定的＂除外责任＂条款;投保人已知或应知的免除或者限制保险人责任的免责条款,即便保险人未明确说明,也不应导致该条款不生效力。