基于新疆竞争优势的中亚市场商品需求情况分析

本文对目前及未来中长期中亚国内市场短缺、需求量大而中国新疆又有竞争优势的行业及其产品需求情况进行了分析，以期对中国新疆企业面向中亚市场“走出去”提供借鉴。     

提升我国产业竞争力的财税政策选择

我国产业竞争力和产业发展具有一定的优势和机遇,同时也面临相当大的困境和挑战。财税政策在提升产业竞争力中具有极其重要的作用,提升我国产业竞争力,必须改革和完善有关的财税政策,促进我国产业经济的发展。     

优化我国证券收益所得课税的思考

我国经济和证券市场的高速发展对现行证券税制提出更高的要求。因此,我国证券税制的改革应循着这样的道路:进一步完善现行税制,并与国际惯例接轨;调节收入分配关系,更好地体现公平原则;打击短期投资行为,鼓励长期投资;尽快解决重复征税问题,使之成为推动证券市场健康发展的动力。     

构建我国中性税制的设想

目前,我国财政政策已由“积极”转向“稳健”,税收作为财政的一个重要组成部分,应积极响应财政政策。我国现阶段通过以减税为特征的税种“中性化”来构建的“中性税制”,既符合市场经济发展的要求,又不会影响到财政收入,而且能积极响应稳健财政政策的实施。构建我国现阶段“中性税制”,必须“充分体现税收中性,并适当坚持税收调控”这一核心。     

A General Model of the Behavioral Response to Taxation

This paper generalizes the standard model of how taxes affect the labor-leisure choice by allowing individuals to change both their labor supply and avoidance effort in response to tax changes. Doing so reveals that the income and substitution effect of taxes depend on both preferences and the avoidance technology. Econometric analysis will not in general allow one to separately identify the two influences, unless one can specify observable determinants of the cost of avoidance. The effective marginal tax rate on working must be modified by the addition of an avoidance-facilitating effect, which measures how the cost of avoidance changes with higher income. This model provides a conceptual structure for evaluating to what extent, and in what situations, the opportunities for tax avoidance mitigate the real substitution response to taxation.     

关于市场经济条件下界定财政功能的若干问题

在新旧体制交替过程中，转换政府职能、调整财政功能、必须正确处理政府与市场的关系，调整涉外税收优惠政策，贯彻公平竞争原则，改革财税体系，以适应与国际接轨的要求。     

Taxation,imperfect competition,and discontinuities

Most work on taxation assumes that market adjustments to taxation will be small and continuous and so analyzes the effects of taxation using standard marginal methods. However, the world often changes in large and discontinuous ways. This paper looks at the effects of taxation when discontinuities in market adjustments are allowed because market structure is determined endogenously by the discrete entry and exit decisions of firms. The results indicate that the potential for discontinuities generates tax effects that are considerably different from those that emerge when adjustments are small and continuous. With discontinuities, taxes can have large and discrete effects, for example, by increasing prices far in excess of the tax itself or by changing utility in a highly nonmarginal way. Of more significance, with discontinuities taxes can actually increase welfare even when they lessen competition and raise prices. Taxes can also have markedly different effects on the income and welfare of different groups. Consumers are always made worse off by a tax, but a tax may be supported by the firms in an industry if the tax limits entry and thereby increases firm profits.     

Mercantilism and Imperialism in the Rise and Decline of the Dutch and British Economies 1585-1815

This essay locates the rise and relative decline of the economy of the Netherlands over the period l585-l8l5 in geopolitics. It has used the rise of Britain, l688-1815 as a point of reference and for bilateral comparison, in order to validate a hypothesis that the degree of avoidable decline had less to do with inefficiencies in the economic sphere, but flowed essentially from political failures to countervail blatant and violent challenges from the new nation's mercantilist rivals – particularly France but also Britain. I concluded that a similar pattern of political complacency, cultural inertia and liberal myopia marked the response of imperial Britain to the threat from Germany after its reunification in l870.     

A comment on the role of prices for excludable public goods

Blomquist and Christensen [(2005). The role of prices for excludable public goods, International Tax and Public Finance, 12 ,61–79] argue that welfare is initially decreasing in the price of an excludable public good and that the case for a positive price for an excludable public good price is weak. We argue that this result follows from their particular characterization of the public good and that an alternative and equally reasonable characterization overturns their result. Hence, the policy case for a positive price on the public good is stronger than Blomquist and Christiansen suggest. JEL Classification H21 · H41     

企业财产损失所得税前扣除政策难点解析

企业财产损失所得税前扣除的审批权限和程序、审批受理时间、损失申报时间、审批范围等政策,在实际工作中存在一定的操作难度。本文对《企业财产损失所得税前扣除管理办法》中的政策难点做了阐述,认为正确理解企业财产损失所得税税前扣除管理政策,能促使纳税人发生的财产损失依法扣除,也能促使税务机关健全相关制度。