欧盟应对气候变化的边境调节税:新的贸易壁垒

《京都议定书》生效,承担减排义务的附件I国家开始面临竞争力损失和实现减排目标相冲突的两难困境。边境调节税被认为是一个解决问题的好办法,但其在环境问题上的应用是近年来国外学术界讨论的一个热点问题,特别是在气候变化问题上的应用争议较大。最近欧盟有关方面提出要对来自非减排国家的工业化产品征收边境调节税,引起较大的反响。文章从边境调节税的概念及其相关的性质出发,分析了欧盟当前行动的动机与政策应用的前景,对于其可能造成对中欧贸易的影响进行了展望,并分析了这种做法与当前国际贸易制度和国际气候制度的兼容性,认为这种做法缺乏合法性和合理性。     

中国水产品出口增长的源泉分析

借助于联合国粮农组织"渔业统计时间序列通用软件"数据库数据,利用恒定市场份额分析模型对中国水产品出口增长源泉展开分析,并与泰国、印尼、印度和越南进行横向对比。研究结果表明:中国水产品出口的增加主要是由于水产品竞争力提高引起的,市场规模的扩大对中国水产品出口有着积极的作用,商品结构效应和具体竞争效应对水产品出口的作用由负面作用转为正向作用,说明水产品出口市场结构日趋合理,并开始对出口增长产生积极的促进作用。泰国、印尼和印度出口的增长主要得益于市场需求规模的扩大,越南则是其竞争力增强起到了主导作用。     

新时代增强国有经济“五力”理论逻辑与基本路径

党的十九届六中全会通过的《决议》再次完整、系统地提出"增强国有经济竞争力、创新力、控制力、影响力、抗风险能力",体现出增强国有经济"五力"作为国有经济改革发展目标在习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和百年建党历史经验中的重要地位,也体现出增强国有经济"五力"对于我国经济迈上更高质量、更有效率、更加公平、更可持续、更为安全的发展之路的重要性。国有经济"五力"的演化和完整提出有其深刻的理论逻辑、历史逻辑和现实逻辑,是中国特色社会主义进入新时代坚持中国道路的必然选择。国有经济"五力"之间是相互联系、相互影响又相对独立的,其中创新力是核心,是决定竞争力、控制力、影响力和抗风险能力的关键因素。增强国有经济"五力"需要从企业内部管理和运营机制创新、企业制度和治理结构创新、国有资产监管体制创新和国有经济布局优化结构调整着手,加强党的领导,坚持两个"毫不动摇""国民共进",支持国有企业与国有资本做强做优做大,建立中国特色现代企业制度,发展混合所有制经济,培育具有全球竞争力的世界一流企业、科技领军企业和专精特新企业,提高产业基础能力和产业链现代化水平,促进实体经济高质量发展。     

How does culture influence a Country's travel and tourism competitiveness? A longitudinal frontier study on 39 countries

The greater competitiveness of a firm improves the chances of its success. Likewise, countries are constantly attempting to improve their travel and tourism competitiveness to attract global tourists. In this study, we present a theoretical framework linking the culture of a country and its travel and tourism competitiveness. We adopted the theoretical foundation of global leadership and organizational behavior effectiveness (GLOBE) cultural values and practices to examine the panel effects of culture on competitiveness. We conducted a longitudinal study by using secondary data of 39 countries from 2011 to 2021. Results show that the culture of a country influence its travel and tourism competitiveness. Furthermore, we provide empirical evidence by performing longitudinal frontier analysis to determine which GLOBE model, that is, cultural practices or cultural values, is appropriate for future studies. Findings of this longitudinal study contribute to the novel understanding of competitiveness and culture.     

中国离世界人才强国有多远

人才强国建设对于中国实现高水平科技自立自强和国际影响力提升具有重要意义。明确新时代人才强国建设内涵和任务目标，构建世界人才强国评价指标维度和体系，采用标杆分析法对标美国等典型世界人才强国，探讨中国建设人才强国的现状特征以及与典型世界人才强国的距离。结果显示，中国仍处于人才大国向人才强国迈进的重要阶段，高层次人才集聚、人才培养与吸引、人才效能发挥3个评价维度得分相对均衡，尚未形成某一方面的明显竞争优势。全球顶尖人才集聚、适应经济社会发展需求的人才培养机制和吸引人才干事创业的发展环境与发达国家差距明显，构成当前中国建设世界人才强国的短板，亟待培养造就和吸引集聚一批世界一流人才，完善产学研有机结合的协同育人模式，深化人才发展体制机制改革，着力提升人才制度体系的国际竞争力。     

Nexus between export,productivity, and competitiveness in the Indian manufacturing sector

This article assesses the nexus between export, productivity, and competitiveness in the Indian manufacturing sector. To do this, we examine the “learning by exporting” and “self-selection” hypotheses using firm-level data relating to Indian manufacturing firms relating to period from 1994 to 2017. The empirical analysis supports the “learning by exporting” hypothesis, but does not support the “self-selection” hypothesis. We also investigate the impact of export on competitiveness, and the results indicate a positive relationship. These findings remain consistent when we segregate manufacturing firms based on industries, intensity use of labor and capital, and firm ownership. In the light of these findings, we recommend that policy focus on enhancing the export capacity of manufacturing firms to further strengthen the competitiveness of Indian manufacturing.     

Concentration of the mobile telecommunications markets and countries’ competitiveness

This study examines how the level of concentration of a country’s mobile telecommunications market affects its competitiveness. We created a unique database with information on 59 countries, which we used to perform several estimations including an instrumental variable approach to explain the degree of concentration in mobile phone markets. Our first and direct estimation shows that the higher the concentration in this industry, the lower the countries’ competitiveness. In order to understand this positive correlation, we provide two additional estimations. First, using an instrumental variable, we find that the concentration in mobile telecommunications market explains the use of information and communications technology (ICT). Moreover, we also find that the use of ICT is positively correlated with countries’ competitiveness. Thus, our results confirm that the mobile phone industry has positive spillover effects on countries’ competitiveness and demonstrate the benefits of policies designed to reduce concentration and market power in the industry.     

新开放时代增强我国制造业国际竞争力的战略思考

制造业全球竞争已经全面展开,显示了与过去完全不同的特征。我国是全球制造业规模最大的国家,但还不是全球制造业最强的国家。面对竞争,我国制造业国际竞争力总体究竟如何,需要有一个全面准确的判断。本文将我国制造业分为传统制造业与新兴制造业两部分,分别分析了这两类制造业现实的国际竞争力,认为我国的传统制造业目前是有国际竞争力的,新兴制造业是尚不具备国际竞争力的;然而,传统制造业的竞争力正在弱化,因为其产出效率与附加价值创造存在不足。因此,如何进一步保持传统制造业的国际竞争力并提高新兴制造业国际竞争力就成为我国制造业进一步转型发展的重要目标。为此,本文给出了新的战略思路以及可行的战略对策,这就是"抓住制造业变革的历史机遇,从提高效率入手,增强制造业人力资本,确立新的比较优势基础,通过开放式自主创新实现技术突破,直接把握全球制造业的价值链高端,形成我国制造业的核心竞争力,形成具有强大国际竞争力的新型先进制造业,实现从制造大国转变为制造强国"。     

An assessment of the liberalization and the evolution of competition in the Moroccan mobile market

This paper analyses the liberalization process of the Moroccan mobile market since the beginning of the 21 st century. Our database ranges from 2004 to the end of 2020. First, operators’ market shares are presented and analysed. Second, we build concentration indexes and other indicators of competitiveness. Finally, we conduct an econometric analysis to determine the extent to which regulatory measures, privatization, market structure and the population dimension determine market shares. Overall, we can argue that, although concentration remains high, the market has become more competitive since the liberalization process began. The statistical analysis and the econometric assessment show that the entrance of the third operator made the market more competitive. Indeed, there is evidence that operator companies competed to capture customers from each other during the period under study. These features suggest that mobile operators did not follow anticompetitive practices in order to restrain competition.