Economic interpretations of DEA

Research on productive efficiency at the firm level has developed as an important and active strand of research the last decades, both within operations research, management science and economics. Two apparently different definitions of efficiency are examined, but it is shown that when both estimation methods are based on solving linear programming problems the definitions of efficiency are identical. The purpose of the paper is to give the basic ideas of efficiency analyses using DEA as a tool for researchers not so familiar with efficiency analysis and DEA. The concept of shadow prices is given special attention.     

Performance evaluation of China's high-tech innovation process: Analysis based on the innovation value chain

The Chinese high-tech industry has developed greatly since the beginning of China's “National High-tech R&D (863) Program” and “China Torch Program”. This paper introduces a conceptual model extended from the innovation value chain model to simultaneously estimate the R&D and commercialization efficiencies for the high-tech industries of 29 provincial-level regions in China. To match reality, a network DEA incorporating both shared inputs and additional intermediate inputs is constructed to open the “black box” view of decision making units used in single-stage DEA. This study is the first attempt to link the R&D and commercialization with a solid theoretical foundation and feasible mathematical methods. The empirical findings show that most of the 29 regions have low efficiency in the commercialization sub-process compared to the R&D sub-process, although there are regional differences in China's high-tech industry. Pearson correlation shows that the R&D sub-process is not closely correlated to the commercialization sub-process in terms of efficiency. Our analysis can provide information for the formulation of policies to achieve high innovation efficiency.     

Consumption Inequality in China: Theory and Evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

We investigate consumption inequality in China both theoretically by constructing a theoretical model that delineates the transmission channels by which income shocks affect consumption and empirically through an Unequally Spaced Dynamic Panel Data model estimation. We find that China is experiencing consumption inequality with the full partial insurance of consumption against both permanent and transitory income shocks, although the impact of both types of shock are larger than the case of the United States. The results are due to precautionary savings motives of the Chinese. We further document how income becomes more dispersed in China and show how the family background of a child affects his outcome to a large extent. Policy implications based on our findings are proposed.     

中国地区工业的生态效率测度及趋同分析：2003—2010年

生态效率兼顾经济活动的生态效益和经济效益,在一定程度上反映了经济可持续发展水平,其综合评价有助于探索经济发展方式转变的路径。2003—2010年中国大陆31个省份的工业生态效率测度及趋同分析表明：我国工业生态效率普遍偏低,其省际差异和年际变化差异都较大,而且存在明显的生态效率趋同。为进一步改善我国各省的工业生态效率,既要广泛搭建技术转移平台以促进先进技术推广,还要大力提高落后地区的技术能力以促进先进技术的充分吸收和利用。     

健康风险冲击对农户收入的影响

本文基于中国8个省份、1354个农户、跨度15年的微观面板数据,测算了大病冲击对于农户长期收入的影响以及健康风险冲击持续的时间。我们发现:(1)大病冲击在随后的12年里对于农户人均纯收入都有显著的负面影响;(2)大病冲击对于农户的短期与中期影响使得患病户人均纯收入平均降低5%—6%;(3)健康风险冲击的长期影响可持续大约15年,并且冲击对于中低收入农户的影响更为严重。     

商业银行现金持有量与宏观经济不确定性关系研究——基于面板数据的实证检验

本文研究了宏观经济不确定性对中国商业银行现金持有水平的影响。论文首先构建了一个GARCH模型得到代理变量来度量宏观经济不确定性,然后利用中国银行业2000～2009年的面板数据,实证检验了宏观经济不确定性对中国银行业现金持有水平的影响情况。实证结果表明:宏观经济不确定性对银行现金持有水平影响显著,当宏观经济不确定性增加、经济形势前景不明时,商业银行现金持有水平显著降低。     

河北省钢铁产业技术效率评价及对策研究

以2001年—2009年面板数据为基础,运用数据包络分析（DEA）方法,对河北省等六省区钢铁产业整体效率、技术效率、规模效率、投入冗余及超效率进行评价,并运用Malmquist效率指数对河北省钢铁产业的全要素生产率变动进行动态分析。研究结果表明,河北省钢铁产业整体效率在不断提高,其中,纯技术效率的贡献要大于规模效率;在产出不变的情况下,河北省钢铁产业存在着一定程度的投入冗余;产业超效率值总体上表现出不断提升的态势;技术进步对本省钢铁产业技术效率的影响并不稳定,呈波动变化状态。河北省要想提高钢铁产业总体效率,必须加快技术进步、优化产品结构、提高产业集中度和有效减少投入冗余。     

宏观经济统计数据结构变化分析及其对中国的实证

对于宏观经济统计数据的结构变化进行分析已成为研究数据质量的核心内容之一。本文从经济系统的角度运用联合估计诊断模型对我国 3 6个宏观经济时间序列的结构变化进行了全面的分析 ,发现了数据异常的特点和规律。研究结论表明 :大部分异常点的出现或多或少都是以聚集成堆的形式出现的 ,它们之间存在深刻的内在联系 ,孤立的异常点不是我国宏观经济时间序列的主要特征 ;几乎所有的原始序列都有显著的偏度 ,过多的峰度也是明显的 ,因此它们被显著地拒绝认为服从正态分布 ;大部分变量的原始序列和异常点修正后序列虽然都呈现出非ARCH特征 ,但是ARCH2、ARCH4、ARCH8的P值却有一定程度的不同。     

数据要素价值化生态系统建构与市场化配置机制研究

数据要素作为推动经济高质量发展的新动能,如何应用整体观和系统观理论构建数据要素价值化生态系统,成为推进数据要素市场化配置、释放数据要素价值的关键议题。针对数据要素价值化面临的理论与实践挑战,引入创新生态系统理论,系统探究多元主体参与数据要素价值化过程的生态系统联动机制,深入剖析数据要素市场化配置动态过程机制,有助于深化数据要素价值化和市场化配置理论研究,为探索数据要素价值化过程中多元主体协同共创、优化数据要素市场化配置机制、加强数据要素监管与治理、打造数字驱动型区域创新生态系统、激活数字创新生态活力与成效、加快数字中国建设提供理论和决策启示。     

An alternative approach to the monitoring of technological diffusion via foreign direct investment: evidence from the Greek manufacturing sector

The existing studies of foreign direct investment and the corresponding technological diffusion process that they generate, focus either on specific parameters of the production process in isolation, or they combine certain parameters to construct indices that are not consistent across studies. The present analysis proposes an alternative approach that captures the entire production process and multinational firms are viewed as the platform that transfers more advanced technologies to the host countries. As multinational firms are able to utilise more efficiently the available production process, an efficiency gap ensues between the domestically owned firms of a country and the multinational firms that operate in it. We capture and provide a measure and a monitoring mechanism of the technological diffusion process via foreign direct investment through the evolution of the efficiency gap between the two groups of firms whilst controlling for other variables that might contribute to such a gap. We apply our approach to the manufacturing sector of the Greek economy that experiences a consistent presence of foreign direct investment inflows over the time period 2001–2007.