路径依赖、锁定效应与产业集群发展的风险——以美国底特律汽车产业集群为例

基于自然资源禀赋驱动、传统企业带动所形成的产业集群不仅有着明显的路径依赖特性,而且其结构及功能较为单一。正是这种路径依赖和较为单一的产业结构容易形成锁定效应。这种锁定效应使得产业集群面临结构性风险、网络型风险及外源性周期性风险。美国底特律汽车产业集群因路径依赖引起锁定效应,使其产业集群难以转型升级,缺乏创新、路径单一、成本过高、结构僵化,最终导致底特律的破产。     

ECONOMETRICS FOR GRUMBLERS: A NEW LOOK AT THE LITERATURE ON CROSS‐COUNTRY GROWTH EMPIRICS

Abstract Since the seminal contribution of N. Gregory Mankiw, David Romer and David N. Weil in 1992 the growth empirics literature has used increasingly sophisticated methods to select relevant growth determinants in estimating cross‐section growth regressions. The vast majority of empirical approaches, however, limit cross‐country heterogeneity in production technology to the specification of total factor productivity, the ‘measure of our ignorance’. In this survey, we present two general empirical frameworks for cross‐country growth and productivity analysis and demonstrate that they encompass the various approaches in the growth empirics literature of the past two decades. We then develop our central argument, that cross‐country heterogeneity in the impact of observables and unobservables on output as well as the time‐series properties of the data are important for reliable empirical analysis.     

信息化发展水平、资源依赖与绿色全要素生产率

信息化作为经济高质量发展的重要推手,对于资源地区走出“资源诅咒”困境意义重大,但一直被学界忽略。创造性地将信息化发展水平引入“资源诅咒”论述中,采用DEA—Malmqusit指数方法测算了2003-2017年我国285个地级及以上城市的绿色全要素生产率（GTFP）,分析了信息化发展水平在资源依赖与GTFP关系中的作用。结果表明：①信息化发展水平的门槛效应导致资源依赖与GTFP呈现倒U型曲线关系。当信息化发展水平低于门限值时,无论资源依赖程度如何变化,它与GTFP的关系总是处于倒U型曲线右侧,即位于“资源诅咒”部分,而当信息化发展水平高于门限值时,无论资源依赖程度如何变化,它与GTFP的关系处于倒U型曲线左侧,即位于“资源祝福”部分;②信息化发展水平是显著影响资源依赖与GTFP的倒U型曲线拐点右移的要素,信息化发展水平提升能推迟或阻止“资源诅咒”的到来。     

The Role of Local Agglomeration Economies and Regional Characteristics in Attracting FDI: Italian Evidence

The objective of this paper is to test for the importance of local agglomeration externalities in determining inward foreign direct investment (FDI) intensity, viewed as a measure of regional attractiveness to FDI. The links between the degree of FDI inflow penetration into Italy and its determinants at the regional level are examined using alternative fixed effects panel data model specifications, also extended to include spatial effects. It is found that sectoral and regional specificities are relevant in attracting inward FDI into Italy and the different effects of intra‐sector and inter‐sector spillovers can be distinguished. There is also evidence that the importance of agglomeration spillovers connected to the geographical distance varies across regions, indicating both substitution and complementarity effects from FDI inflows into neighboring regions.     

时变Copula模型的非参数推断

运用Copula模型研究金融变量之间的相关结构,是近年来金融分析中的一个热点,如何估计Copula模型中的时变参数则是一个重点和难点问题。本文从非参数建模思想为切入点,提出经验分布函数—局部极大似然法(ECDF-LML)估计Copula函数中的时变参数,研究了Copula模型参数是否时变的统计假设检验问题。最后通过大量随机模拟研究验证了本文所提出的方法较DCC-MGARCH方法在刻画随机变量动态相关性方面更具优越性且很稳健。     

上市公司独立董事的声誉机制研究

独立董事的独立性依赖于其声誉,而其声誉的高低,则依赖于其个人财产的多寡以及独立董事津贴在其总收入中所占的比例.本文建立了一个独立董事声誉机制模型,依据独立董事对薪酬的依赖程度的观察,构建了选聘独立董事的声誉机制;并且认为由委员会提名,股东大会选举产生的独立董事的独立性较直接由董事会提名时要强.     

Small firms and networks in capital intensive industries: The case of Spanish steel wire manufacturing

This article uses an interdisciplinary approach to gain a better understanding of the organization of the Spanish industry in a long-term perspective. Sociological concepts about networks, and studies about family firms from management and business history literatures, are combined to illuminate the dominance of family ownership in capital intensive industries. Popp, Toms and Wilson's work on the spatialization of resource distribution and resource dependence has been used to understand the dominance of small family firms co-ordinated by networks in the particular case study of the Spanish steel wire manufactures. The article also has important implications for questioning Casson's interpretation about the difficulties dynastic family firms may have in science-wire rod industries.     

基于结构突变和截面相关的面板协整检验

本文基于Westerlund和Edgerton（2008）,考虑了无时间趋势和有时间趋势的面板协整检验。在检验协整时,本文不仅允许误差项存在异方差、序列相关以及截面相关,而且还允许各截面在截距和协整斜率上存在未知时点的多个突变点。蒙特卡洛模拟结果表明,（1）该检验的具有较小的水平扭曲和较高的检验势,（2）将模型拓展到不含有趋势项的情形是必要的。在此基础上,使用基于动态最小二乘估计量的新统计量对国际CO2排放和经济增长关系进行检验,发现在考虑了突变和截面相关的情形下,两者间的长期均衡关系确实存在。     

中国银行业系统性风险监测研究——基于SCCA技术的实现与优化

金融危机以来,随着国际金融监管组织、各国监管当局和学术界加强系统性风险监测技术的开发和应用,新方法、新技术不断涌现,SCCA是其中具有代表性的方法之一。本文结合我国银行业实际情况,设计了针对SCCA技术关键环节的优化算法,并采用非参数统计方法估计时变相依函数,提出了新的系统性风险监测指标J-VaR。在此基础上,本文动态监测了后危机时代我国银行业系统性风险的演变过程。研究表明,优化后的SCCA技术具有较好的适用性,时变风险相依结构对系统性风险理论和实证研究至关重要。