公共支出绩效评价指标体系的构建

公共支出绩效评价作为公共支出管理的核心内容之一，其推行的难点在于如何用一套指标科学度量公共支出的绩效。本文从绩效评价的内涵出发，根据公共支出绩效评价自身的特殊性，构建了一套能全面有效度量一般公共支出绩效的指标体系，整个指标体系共分两个层次：第一层次包括投入、过程、产出和结果等4类初始指标；第二层次包括效益性、效率性和有效性等3类终极指标。     

我国各地区中小企业外部环境的比较研究

本文借助PEST战略分析模型，构建了我国中小企业外部环境评价指标体系，并利用2008年数据和主成因子方法分析、比较我国各省市自治区中小企业外部环境，发现我国各地区中小企业外部环境堪忧，而且各地区的环境因素优势也存在较大差异。     

硅灰石灼减量测试中不确定度分量贡献矢量谱的相似度分析

本文建立了对矢量谱的相似度进行评估的数学模型,并用其对硅灰石灼减量测试的不确定度评估中不确定度分量贡献矢量谱进行相似度的分析,得到的结论与实际相符。     

食品企业分类管理多元影响因素的综合评判研究

建立综合评判模式,采用调查统计的方法,对企业分类管理评定过程中各影响因素进行分析,利用综合评判模式分析多元影响因素的各自权重,对食品企业分类管理多元影响因素的综合评判进行探讨。     

政府投资项目评审职能市场化的风险及其规避

随着我国市场化的深度推进和政府职能的不断转变，许多隶属于政府的职能纷纷转由市场来承担，政府投资项目评估咨询过程的市场化程度也不断提高，但由于政府投资项目资金来源、建设目的及评审职能的特殊性，并且我国目前市场机制与规则不够健全，法律与制度相对滞后，市民社会力量较为薄弱，如果简单将评审职能推向市场将存在诸多风险。     

Piloting a systematic framework for public investment in regional natural resource management: Dryland salinity in Australia

The Salinity Investment Framework (SIF3) is designed to help environmental managers make better policy decisions about protecting key assets under threat of dryland salinity, a major degradation problem in Australia. This study reports results from applying SIF3 in partnership with two regional organizations (in the states of Victoria and Western Australia) with contrasting institutional powers and structures. We also engaged relevant policy makers with a view to influencing national policy. Available knowledge, science, and data were used to develop region-specific recommendations for public investment in salinity management. SIF3 proved easy to apply, requiring minimal changes from its original version. Establishing trust and credibility with stakeholders was extremely important. More time was required to be spent on communicating what SIF3 was and what it would mean for stakeholders than in applying it in the catchments. In both regions, recommendations included making a clear distinction between localized assets (such as a particular wetland) and dispersed assets (such as agricultural land as a whole); more targeted investment in spatially identified localized assets; using a broader range of policy tools; basing recommendations on the levels of public and private net benefits; anticipating the adoptability of sustainable land-management practices; and formally integrating relevant scientific, economic and social information with community values. The differences between current action and recommendations were significant in both regions, particularly in Victoria. As a result of our work both regions have decided to implementing a similar asset-based approach covering various environmental threats in addition to dryland salinity. The research indicates that it is feasible to use decision frameworks such as SIF3 to improve the rigour of decision making by community-based environmental management organizations. A broader range of policy tools are needed for dryland salinity, with less reliance on extension and small grants, and more emphasis on intervention around key assets and investment in technology development. We have influenced policy makers to some extent at state level and nationally through discussion of SIF3 in a national inquiry, preparation of a policy paper for peak multi-government policy committees, briefings and provision of advice on policy design. Despite this, achieving significant policy change at the state and national levels remains difficult for a number of reasons. Governments give limited signals to environmental managers to achieve environmental outcomes, being more concerned with community participation objectives and political considerations. We hope for significant policy change with increased scrutiny about sound decision making and public accountability.     

浅论财政支出绩效评价

财政支出绩效评价就是对公共部门财政支出作为评价对象的评价工作,也就是对公共部门财政支出的绩效作为评价内容的工作。财政支出追求的最终目标是社会福利最大化。开展财政支出绩效评价要遵循全面性与特殊性相结合、统一性和差异性相结合、定量和定性相结合、统一领导与分类管理等原则。常用的财政支出绩效评价的方法有成本—效益分析法、最低成本法、综合指数法等。     

我国静脉产业政策绩效评价体系研究——基于AHP的模糊综合评价法

长期以来我国政府比较重视政策制定和执行,轻效果评价,在静脉产业政策绩效问题上也是如此。我国目前还尚未有学者研究静脉产业政策的绩效,也没有系统化概述。从查阅到的有关静脉产业文献中,学者们的研究没有涉及政策绩效的评价,大多研究静脉产业的结构、分类等等,而且多是描述性的介绍。我国静脉产业政策绩效的评价还没有形成一套完整科学、切实可行的绩效评价体系,因此,本文试图通过理论与实际相结合的方法,探讨静脉产业政策绩效评价体系,对政策实施效果进行有效评价以便更合理地利用资源,更有效地执行政策、达到政策目标。     

Applying the caption evaluation method to studies of visitors’ evaluation of historical districts

A historical district is a comprehensive form of historical attractions, and has diverse features that visitors can gaze on. This study proposes the application of the caption evaluation method, participatory research involving photographing by subjects, to a study of visitors’ evaluation of a historical district as a tourism destination. Thirty Japanese undergraduates who majored in commerce and 27 Japanese adults with an interest in architecture and/or town planning photographed settings of their choice in a Japanese historical district and stated how they perceived the captured settings in an open-ended form. Their statements were subjected to analysis using a software package as well as manual analysis. The results indicate relationships between various elements in the district and the subjects’ feelings and desires. Particularly, favourable evaluations of old objects and unfavourable perceptions of modern objects were implied. The results also suggest the types of activities visitors may wish to participate in.     

农机政策评估与农机化战略研究述评

关于农机政策评估与农机化战略研究,是国内外农机化研究的重点内容,现有研究为我国农机化奠定了理论和经验分析基础。通过梳理现有重点文献,可以发现,把农机化战略研究建立在农机政策效果系统评估、农户农机需求定量分析的基础上,是农机化发展研究值得进一步探索的、具有理论创新意义的发展方向。