国内外过渡语语用学的实证研究:回顾与思考——以描述性研究为例

通过对比分析国内外在"请求"、"道歉"和"拒绝"言语行为的过渡语特征和发展特点的实证研究,发现国内的研究相对于国外的研究存在一定差距。主要体现在实证研究步骤的完整性上,国内绝大部分报告在提出研究问题或假设、描述文献、选择研究方案、实施数据收集、分析和讨论数据结果等步骤上都有不同程度的缺失。     

基于内部标签的综合接入系统输入输出调度方案

本文在介绍了综合业务接入系统的基本结构基础上 ,介绍了自治系统内部标签 (ILP)信令格式 ,提出了一种新的基于优先级的参数自适应轮循调度 (Priority -basedParameterAuto -adaptiveRound -robinScheduling)方案 ,以及该方案在基于ILP的综合接入系统I/O调度中的实现方法 ,并对几种调度方案的性能进行了实验比较     

跨国公司在中国研发本地化的地域分异

首先分析了跨国公司研发本地化在中国的发展历程,然后从地区和城市两个层面剖析了其地域分异特征,进而从FDI规模、科研和人才资源、跨国公司研发基础及地缘关系等方面研究了跨国公司研发本地化地域分异的形成机制。随着中国开放程度的不断深入和西部开发、老工业基地振兴等政策的实施,跨国公司研发中心将会不断向内地推进,但短期内其地域分异特征不会改变,仍将向东部地区的少数几个大城市集中。     

关于优化我国国有企业资本结构问题的探讨

分析我国国有企业资本结构的现状和形成因素,提出优化国有企业资本结构的根本途径是发展资本市场,建立市场主导型资本生成机制。     

人民币升值的市场压力分析

中国长期以来的经常项目和资本项目双顺差使人民币面临了巨大的升值压力,而中国外汇市场的非市场化没有将这种压力转化为价格的上升。最近两年来,美元的贬值进一步加大了人民币升值的外部压力。中国目前这种汇率形成机制带来了许多弊端,政府应当做的是进一步提高外汇市场的市场化程度,改进人民币汇率的形成机制。     

The robust pricing–hedging duality for American options in discrete time financial markets

We investigate the pricing–hedging duality for American options in discrete time financial models where some assets are traded dynamically and others, for example, a family of European options, only statically. In the first part of the paper, we consider an abstract setting, which includes the classical case with a fixed reference probability measure as well as the robust framework with a nondominated family of probability measures. Our first insight is that, by considering an enlargement of the space, we can see American options as European options and recover the pricing–hedging duality, which may fail in the original formulation. This can be seen as a weak formulation of the original problem. Our second insight is that a duality gap arises from the lack of dynamic consistency, and hence that a different enlargement, which reintroduces dynamic consistency is sufficient to recover the pricing–hedging duality: It is enough to consider fictitious extensions of the market in which all the assets are traded dynamically. In the second part of the paper, we study two important examples of the robust framework: the setup of Bouchard and Nutz and the martingale optimal transport setup of Beiglböck, Henry‐Labordère, and Penkner, and show that our general results apply in both cases and enable us to obtain the pricing–hedging duality for American options.     

A sonography image processing system for tumour segmentation

ABSTRACT

A sonography image processing system for tumour segmentation is implemented by using the active contour model based on level set formulation. To achieve extraction of weak edges in speckle noisy images, the level set model called Edge Attraction Force on Chan and Vese model is developed. The cell competition algorithm is modified by adding the information of the cells’ edges. Calculus of variation is taken to derive the evolution equation of the active contour. Experiments demonstrate that the boundaries of tumours extracted by the proposed active contour are more accurate for conquering the drawbacks coming from weak edges. Experiments demonstrate that the boundaries of tumors extracted by the proposed active contour are accurate and the results avoid the drawbacks of the weak edges.     

A Linear Programming approach for robust network revenue management in the airline industry

The classical revenue management problem consists of allocating a fixed network capacity to different customer classes, so as to maximize revenue. This area has been widely applied in service industries that are characterized by a fixed perishable capacity, such as airlines, cruises, hotels, etc.It is traditionally assumed that demand is uncertain, but can be characterized as a stochastic process (See Talluri and van Ryzin (2005) for a review of the revenue management models). In practice, however, airlines have limited demand information and are unable to fully characterize demand stochastic processes. Robust optimization methods have been proposed to overcome this modeling challenge. Under robust optimization framework, demand is only assumed to lie within a polyhedral uncertainty set (Lan et al. (2008); Perakis and Roels (2010)).In this paper, we consider the multi-fare, network revenue management problem for the case demand information is limited (i.e. the only information available is lower/upper bounds on demand). Under this interval uncertainty, we characterize the robust optimal booking limit policy by use of minimax regret criterion. We present an LP (Linear Programming) solvable mathematical program for the maximum regret so our model is able to solve large-scale problems for practical use. A genetic algorithm is proposed to find the booking limit control to minimize the maximum regret. We provide computational experiments and compare our methods to existing ones. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our robust approach.     

International market exit by firms: Misalignment of strategy with the foreign market risk environment

International market withdrawals by firms continue to persist regardless of geography, industry, firm experience, and national origin. The extant literature argues that a host of factors, such as firm characteristics, organizational capabilities, host country environment, international business risks, strategy and strategic choices are among the likely reasons for firms to prematurely exit the markets they have entered. Drawing from the contingency theory, we contend that underlying most market exit events is the misalignment of firm strategy with the foreign market risk environment. This happens when managers fail to optimize strategy formulation and implementation in view of the foreign market risk environment. Based on an in-depth examination of 62 cases of foreign market exits via pattern coding using NVivo 12, we delineate common patterns accounting for market withdrawals. We then formulate propositions with respect to how misalignment between strategy and risk environment interferes with foreign market exits in accordance with the contingency theory. We conclude with a discussion of theoretical implications, managerial recommendations, and suggestions for future research and limitations.     

An efficient hybrid genetic algorithm for the multi-product multi-period inventory routing problem

The inventory routing problem (IRP) addressed in this study is a many-to-one distribution network consisting of an assembly plant and many distinct suppliers where each supplies a distinct product. We consider a finite horizon, multi-periods, multi-suppliers and multi-products where a fleet of capacitated homogeneous vehicles, housed at a depot, transport products from the suppliers to meet the demand specified by the assembly plant in each period. The demand for each product is deterministic and time varying. A mathematical formulation of the problem is given and CPLEX 9.1 is run for a finite amount of time to obtain lower and upper bounds. A hybrid genetic algorithm, which is based on the allocation first route second strategy and which considers both the inventory and the transportation costs, is proposed. In addition to a new set of crossover and mutation operators, we also introduce two new chromosome representations. Several medium and small sized problems are also constructed and added to the existing data sets to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.