基于声誉视角的企业社会责任实施策略研究

企业应当如何寻求社会责任与社交媒体交融背景下的企业社会责任(CSR)实施策略?这已成为全球经济面临的现实难题,对于处在声誉压力下的中国企业更是如此。文章通过全面回顾"声誉机制与CSR之间存在关联"的相关研究成果,以来自中国的两家企业(联想与宏碁)为商业案例,从公司治理、工作环境以及企业公民实践三个维度对其CSR实践进行了详细比较与系统分析,以期验证西方学者提出的"声誉机制对CSR实施策略具有正面影响效应"观点。结果表明:声誉机制确实可以促进企业加强自我约束,选择负责任的商业实践,成为法律规制、政府监管等正式制度的有益补充和替代,对中国企业来说也不例外。最后,结合中国企业现实处境,文章提出从回报角度认知CSR、取得行业标准认证、从局部小处起步等将CSR策略性融入到企业日常运营中的几点启示。     

Loosely Coupled Results Control in Dutch Municipalities

This paper analyses the implementation of the ‘dual system’ in Dutch municipalities which was part of a package of New Public Management‐reforms. This system was stimulated by Dutch central government and called for more accountability for performance of municipal managers and the board of mayor and aldermen, as well as for the use of more output and outcome information. Interviews of participants on four different hierarchical levels in 12 municipalities show that the practices of output management at different hierarchical levels are only loosely coupled to each other (‘vertical loose coupling’). We also found some degree of ‘horizontal loose coupling’ at each hierarchical level between result orientation, the development of output indicators and the use of output information for performance evaluation. The paper analyses the reasons why municipalities encounter difficulties in designing a comprehensive and coherent performance management system.     

Theoretical perspectives on strategic environmental management

Strategic Environmental Management (SEM) incorporates into firms' core strategies the transformation of products and processes that they believe an environmentally concerned society will increasingly demand. Significant threads have to do with the discovery of cost savings and market opportunities from reducing environmental impacts. SEM, like the environmental regulation hypothesis associated with Michael Porter, implies that society's efforts to reduce external environmental costs often lead to identification of hitherto-ignored or undeveloped profit possibilities. This would be surprising from the standpoint of neoclassical economic theory, to the extent that SEM utilizes available information about the potential costs and benefits of projects. Within the framework of evolutionary, capabilities-based theories of the firm, however, this discovery and its exploitation in SEM make perfect sense. Capabilities theory would imply that firms' intrinsic path dependence may previously have obscured such opportunities. This paper examines the theory of SEM, its implications for neoclassical and capabilities theories of the firm, and survey results drawn from the author's work with member companies in a regional pollution prevention roundtable. RID="*" IDI have enjoyed the able and insightful research assistance of Justin Vernon. Cooperation from the companies that participated in the survey, and financial support from Allegheny College and its Center for Economic and Environmental Development, are gratefully acknowledged. Reviewers for this journal provided numerous, valuable suggestions. Responsibility for the material herein remains mine alone.     

知识工作者过度劳动的形成机理探析

近年来,过度劳动在我国呈快速上升趋势,而知识工作者正成为“过劳死”的高危群体.为了有效预防和干预知识工作者过度劳动导致的社会问题,有必要从理论上说明其影响因素和形成机制.本文根据经济学、管理学和心理学的相关理论,将影响因素划分为前因变量、决定变量和调节变量三类,构建过度劳动形成机制的概念模型,从知识工作者的群体特征和个体特质出发,分析各影响因素间的相互关系及其作用机理.总体而言,个人因素和管理因素对知识工作者的过度劳动动机、意愿和行为产生不同程度的直接影响,工作任务因素、社会文化、经济和制度层面等深层次原因构成的环境因素则激励或约束着知识工作者,使其在具备一定过度劳动动机和意愿的情况下,较其他劳动者更容易付出超强度的劳动强度和超长的劳动时间.     

THE IMPACT OF GREATER AUTONOMY ON EFFICIENCY OF WORK AND QUALITY OF SERVICES IN PUBLIC SERVICE PROVIDERS: A CASE OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

ABSTRACT: The paper analyses impact of greater autonomy on efficiency of work and quality of services in public service institutions. Autonomy is one of the key principles of New Public Management that, according to the theory, increases performance in public service providers. However this assumption has been scarcely researched in practice. To narrow this gap, the experimental reform that implemented greater managerial and financial autonomy in 13 Lithuanian state vocational schools was chosen for research. In order to analyse the impact of autonomy after the reform, maximally similar institutions (those that underwent the reform and that did not) are compared using quantitative (incl. counterfactual analysis) and qualitative methods. The results indicate that institutions that have been reformed tend to have better efficiency and quality of services, even though this relationship is not causal. Moreover, the research challenges the notion that such results came from greater autonomy. Finally, the logic of the NPM of as to why more autonomous institutions perform better is also challenged.     

常州智慧旅游公共服务平台建设研究

旅游业是信息高度集中并对信息高度依赖的行业,信息贯穿旅游活动的全过程,是旅游业得以生存和发展的基础。信息化对旅游业发展的影响日益深远,旅游信息化水平已经成为旅游目的地发展水平的重要标志之一。常州智慧旅游公共服务平台建设,在借鉴周边已建系统的先进经验的基础上,突出了常州特色,采用了云计算、物联网等先进技术,充分共享旅游视频、GIS等信息资源,进行了管理、建设、运行、维护等方面的体制和机制创新。研究对推进常州旅游信息化工作,为＂智慧常州＂建设提供基础平台和数据资源等方面,都将发挥积极的作用,并在发展常州旅游、服务公众等方面取得良好的社会效益和经济效益。     

知识密集型服务业协同创新系统模型及运行机制研究

在知识、智慧等诸多协同因素引发服务业提升与创新的时代,协同创新正日益成为知识密集型服务业生存与发展的不竭源泉和动力。在对现有研究进行分析的基础上,首先总结出KIBS创新活动的内外部影响要素,其中内部影响要素包括技术、组织、文化和人力资源,外部影响要素包括客户、供应商、竞争者、大学和科研机构,然后构建了KIBS协同创新系统模型并分析其运行机制。     

基于不同专利战略的科技银行信贷动态决策与风险管理研究

高新技术企业既可先获取专利保护,再进行商业化;也可在研发成功、技术保密状态下直接进行商业化。从科技银行角度出发,建立了基于不同专利战略的科技银行信贷动态决策模型。模型全面、客观地对高新技术项目价值进行了评估,并对科技银行的信贷决策进行了指导。给出了模型参数的确定方法,并分析了各参数对信贷决策的影响,结合案例验证了此模型在科技银行信贷决策问题上的分析结果,提出了改进科技银行信贷决策评价方法以及进行信贷风险有效管理的政策建议。     

不同财务管理目标下业绩评价选择及其关系处理

从财务管理目标出发考察企业业绩评价方法的演变过程，是为了在它们之间建立一种联系。不同的财务管理目标下，企业的业绩评价选择会有很大的差异，而其总体趋势是选择综合业绩评价方法。在不同的财务管理目标下选择不同的业绩评价指标时，又要处理好三对关系：短期发展与长期发展、局部利益与全局利益、财务指标与非财务指标。     

基于知识供应链提升企业知识管理结构化能力研究

在知识经济时代,知识成为企业可持续发展的基础,知识管理成为企业占领市场制高点的核心能力。引入知识供应链的相应理论,将企业的知识供需置于整个知识供应链之中,通过确定企业知识管理的知识缺口,从整体到局部、宏观到微观、战略到战术不同层面来培养和发展企业知识管理的结构化能力。