期权理论在IT项目风险管理中的应用

本文简要介绍了金融期权和IT项目期权的含义,以及期权定价模型,详细分析了IT项目期权的类型和IT项目期权的套期保值,其中对比分析了NPV方法和期权方法(B-S模型)在评估IT项目中的差异。     

中国商业银行信息技术资本的边际生产率及最优规模

基于12家商业银行1997～2005年间的数据，对商业银行信息技术资本的边际生产率和最优投入规模的实证研究结果表明，我国商业银行信息技术资本的边际生产率是正的，且其大小受银行规模和时间的影响；四大商业银行信息技术资本的边际生产率小于中小规模商业银行；银行整体的信息技术资本边际生产率随时间呈现不断增长的趋势；四大商业银行信息技术投资已经超过了最优规模，而中小商业银行尚未达到最优规模。四大商业银行应该着重提高信息技术资本的利用率，完善互补机制，而中小商业银行应进一步加大信息技术的投资量。研究结果证明，当前“信息技术生产率悖论”在我国商业银行中并不成立。     

IT属性对企业信息化运作模式的动态影响

新世纪以来,随着IT业的快速发展以及高科技的进步,IT投资的专用性系数在不断降低,同时,IT/ASP的购买力系数却在不断提高,这对企业选择IT运作方式产生一定的影响。本文阐释了IT属性及其与交易费用之间的关系,构建了基于总成本的企业信息化运作模式,分析了IT属性对企业信息化运作模式的动态影响,以期为企业的IT运作决策提供借鉴。     

Integration Deficits of IT Controlling

The paper is based on the thesis that IT controlling suffers from two integration deficits with regard to its methods base: On the one hand, this is a lack of synchronization between research on IT controlling methods and developments in practice; on the other hand, a lack of integration of IT controlling methods with methods of business and information systems engineering (BISE). Based on this assumption, the paper investigates historical developments in IT controlling research and practice to derive theses about the present state of method integration. The analysis finds indications for further potential for method integration and identifies these potentials. Requirements towards method integration are derived from an analysis of the identified integration potentials and two examples illustrate how to realize further integration. Accepted after two revisions by the editors of the special focus. This article is also available in German in print and via http://www.wirtschaftsinformatik.de: Strecker S, Kargl H (2009) Integrationsdefizite des IT-Controllings – Historischer Hintergrund, Analyse von Integrationspotenzialen und Methodenintegration. doi: 10.1007/s11576-009-0175-9.     

The use of ex-ante modelling tools in European Impact Assessment: What role does land use play?

Impact Assessment was introduced by the European Commission in 2002 in order to make policy development more transparent and improve the ‘quality’ of European policies. Cross-sectoral consultation, broad participation and the quantitative assessment of the impacts of policies are significant elements of this process. This article specifically addresses the role of tools modelling the impact of policies on land use in Impact Assessment. The choice of a specific modelling tool is conceptualised as an action situation interlinked with other action arenas. The article aims to uncover the institutions structuring the action situation. The outcome of the empirical work suggests that two types of Impact Assessments can be distinguished. Impact Assessments either substantively contribute to the specific policy that the Commission proposes or they legitimise policy choices ex post that have already been adopted. The legislative procedure that applies to a specific policy sector, the policy making culture in the DG and the stakes that are at issue seem to influence whether Impact Assessments contribute to policy development, or legitimise it. Furthermore, the article describes the situation in which desk officers choose a modelling tool throughout Impact Assessment. To advance their careers desk officers aim to produce policy proposals which respond to the issues raised by the actors involved in Impact Assessment and specifically in policy development and, later on, adoption. Therefore, desk officers’ preferences are shaped by the community that is involved in policy development and Impact Assessment. The article describes what role modelling tools play in European Impact Assessment procedures and it names the heuristic of criteria which desk officers use to choose a modelling tool. Besides several technical and data problems of modelling land use impact, it seems to be unlikely that land use will become a significant dimension of Impact Assessment and modelling as it is confronted with an unfavourable institutional environment at the European level.     

A promotion mix budgeting model for retailing

Our two-equation model of retail promotion provides a well-balanced explanation of both retailers' perceptions of promotion tools and their budget allocation across the promotion mix. While previous studies have examined each of these two components separately, few have integrated both in the one study. Factor analysis was used to simplify the choices of promotion tools. This reduced the number of promotion tools to four, namely mass media, in-store promotion, sales promotion/direct mail and personal selling. We support earlier studies which link budget promotion mix spending (behaviour) to perceptions about the effectiveness of each medium (attitude). The range of determinants of perceptions has been extended by incorporating the roles of retail strategy, store ownership, culture and promotion intensity. We have estimated the budget promotion mix equation using a production function theoretical framework. Although this makes little difference to the strong relationship between retailers' perceptions of promotion tools and budget allocations, the theoretical framework does enable formal estimation of cross-media substitution. We find that the two short-term oriented promotion media are substitutes. Our model has been applied to apparel retailing in Australia, with considerable scope for applications to other retail categories and to other countries.     

Improving the business impact of foresight

Achieving an impact on business decision-makers with foresight does not appear to be an easy task. Therefore, the Macro Trends team at Deutsche Bank Research has formulated some criteria to guide foresight projects. They should aim to produce plausibility, provide convenience and inspiration as well as an appropriate time perspective with regard to the content of foresight results. In addition, a structured way of producing and delivering foresight, a seamless inclusion in organisational procedures, a high level of interaction with decision-makers, ideational entrepreneurship, innovation regarding communication with business people, and persistence and synchronisation with the business organisation are the key criteria for achieving a higher impact from foresight projects. To live up to these criteria, the Macro Trends team has developed a 'trend map' which provides a conceptual aggregation of trends - to provide orientation for decision-makers and stakeholders.     

加工中心刀具编码系统

在分析一般数控程序编制方法弊端的基础上,介绍了1套实用的加工中心刀具编码系统。该系统以刀具的用途分类,采用8位数字编码。其中,第1位示刀具的基本类型,第2位示刀具的指定类型,第3至第6位示刀具直径,第7至第8位示刀具的其它特征。还举例说明了如何用刀码表示刀具,分析了其优点和推广价值。     

会计电算化的问题及对策

由于财务工作本身的特点和网络的迅速发展、电子商务的迅速兴起等一些先进的、现代化的事物的不断出现,对会计电算化系统提出了更高的要求,使建立符合现代企业发展需求的新型财务系统变得刻不容缓。由于会计电算化是一项系统工程,在发展过程中有许多工作要做,有许多问题要及时解决,否则将严重阻碍我国会计电算化向更深层次的发展。