On the Ethics of Product Placement in Media Entertainment

Abstract

This study examines the ethical propriety of current trends in product placement in television and film entertainment. Historical background for the product placement concept and practice is provided. Changes in the marketing climate that have provided a push for product placement are outlined. A characterization of the product placement industry as it stands today, and the ethical issues raised by the practice frame the analysis. Three distinct “genres” of contemporary product placement are analyzed: (1) Product Placement, (2) Product Integration, and (3) Video Insertion. First, the rise of Product Placement, strategic changes in use, and increased dependence on revenues in production will be discussed. The second section examines a newly mounted form of Product Integration, whereby product placement plays a key role in content development and support of production in television and film. Third, the origins of Video Insertion will be traced to the Princeton Video Image invention of its proprietary L-VIS product. The ethical efficacy ofplacing “virtual advertisements” in space and times that do not naturally exist will be examined. The article closes with summary assessments and consideration of recommendations for action. Ethical issues focused on in the assessment include deception, artists' rights, and excess commercialism. Recommendations consider the climate for full and advance disclosure of product placements in media entertainment, the prospects for a voluntary rating system, and the threat of reclassifying product placement infused media entertainment as commercial speech.     

小波分形插值医学图像处理

为了得到高分辨率图像，本文利用小波变换后各方面上的高频图像具有相似性的特点，提出了小波分形插值处理医学图像的方法。仿真实验表明，这种处理方法比常用的方法（如双线性插值等）具有更好的效果。     

应用种子填充算法提取图像的形状特征

本文表述了种子填充算法原理和实现，讨论了在二值化图像处理中应用种子填充算法提取图像区域和边界的方法，并介绍了在此基础上求解图 像的几何形状参数的方法，最后介绍了几种与此相关的二值图像处理技术在实际中的应用。     

电阻抗层析成象（EIT）系统的研究

本文提出一种新的获取图象重建数据的系统，该系统通过在模型边界的３２个电极上注入多种组合方式的自适应电流，然后测量相应电极上的电压值，再经过特定的算法处理，得到重构图象。同时介绍了系统的数学模型及算法原理。     

一种高速移动衰落信道的特性与分析

高速移动信道不同于一般的移动信道，其速度影响亦不可忽视，本文分析了高速移动信道的特性，提出了信道模型，并进行了性能分析。     

关于雷达图像三维显示的探讨

探讨了在个人计算机平台上，实现雷达图像三维显示的一种方法，并用类ＰＡＳＣＡＬ语言，描述了实现雷达图像三维显示的算法。     

微蜂窝中电波传播预测模型的改进

在传统的电波传播预测模型的基础上，提出了一种基于射线跟踪法的改进模型。该模型可真正用于除圆形建筑物以外的多棱角建筑物组成复杂微蜂窝区域中场强的准确预测，具有高自适应性、预测精度可有需求控制和高效率等优点。对该模型所得预测结果同文献进行了比较，结果表明该模型具有较高效率和精确度。     

Development of virtual cyber‐tour in the virtual reality system

This study is to explain the importance and the necessity of virtual cyber‐tour in a virtual reality environment, and to present a way of its realization as a means to surmount the fundamental constraints in current tourism, arising mainly from the individual health, cost, leisure time, and the low perception on tourism culture. This virtual cyber‐tour using virtual reality technology will not only provide various indirect tour experiences to the existing tour resources, but also develop a new type of tour system, leading to new worlds which have not been accessible to the public because of various restrictions coming from the current technology, transportation means, and physical limits of human body. Thus, the cyber‐tour will be a new tour resource of totally different concept and also, its industrialization will result in the developments of new industries for virtual reality system, video production, and display media, creating lots of jobs and added value.     

贾宝玉与浮士德形象之比较

贾宝玉形象反映了中国早期启蒙主义者以及那些怀才不遇、壮志难踌的士大夫们的思想追求和价值取向;浮士德形象反映了西方近代人的精神追求。不同的时代精神、文化背景赋予悲剧人物形象以不同的象征内涵。     

贾宝玉与浮士德形象之比较

贾宝玉形象反映了中国早期启蒙主义者以及那些怀才不遇、壮志难踌的士大夫们的思想追求和价值取向;浮士德形象反映了西方近代人的精神追求。不同的时代精神、文化背景赋予悲剧人物形象以不同的象征内涵。