再分配倾向的决定:对既有文献的考察

本文对再分配倾向决定领域的既有文献进行详尽考察,认为从内在动力角度来理解各种决定因素才是根本,归纳提炼了再分配倾向决定的四大动机:经济利益动机、风险规避动机、公平信念动机和声誉理想动机。再分配倾向决定的四大动机通过不尽相同的理论逻辑机制和多种实证影响因素对人们的再分配倾向产生影响,四大动机的框架为实证研究中的因素筛选提供了有力的工具。对于该领域进一步的研究,本文提出应用实验手段的重要性,并应注意宏观变量对再分配倾向的内生性影响。     

社会收入对西部城乡收入差距的影响——基于11省市2000户居民的调查数据

对城乡收入差距的研究最终将关注于真实收入的差异,本文依据对西部地区11个省市的2000个镇(村)2000户居民的调查数据的统计分析,发现西部地区社会收入的差距比经济收入的差距大得多;社会收入会对城乡收入差距产生直接影响,使西部地区城乡收入比扩大10.4%。因此,建议重视缩小西部地区城乡社会收入差距的政策设计、增加西部地区农村居民的社会收入、推行城乡一体化的社会保障体系、改革收入统计。     

Determinants of residential water demand in Germany

We econometrically analyze the impact of several economic, environmental and social determinants for the per capita demand for water in about 600 water supply areas in Germany. Besides prices, income and household size, we consider the effects of population age, the share of wells, housing patterns, precipitation and temperature. We also explore why current per capita residential water consumption in the new federal states is about 30% lower than in the old federal states. Since average cost pricing may cause an endogeneity problem, we apply instrumental-variable procedures in addition to single equation ordinary least squares, but find no evidence that prices are endogenous. Our estimation results suggest that the price elasticity of water demand in Germany is around − 0.24. The income elasticity is positive, decreases with higher income levels and is at least three times higher in the new federal states than in the old federal states. Current differences in prices and income levels explain about one third of the gap in residential water use between the two regions. Household size and the share of wells have a negative impact on per capita water demand, and water use increases with age. Finally, the findings provide some evidence that rainfall patterns rather than total rainfall affect water consumption, while temperature appears to have no impact at all. All outcomes are robust to a log-log and two types of semi-log specifications for the water demand function.     

中国工业部门要素分配份额决定因素研究

本文讨论我国工业部门要素分配份额的决定因素问题。在标准的新古典要素分配份额模型中,本文引入Dixit-Stiglitz垄断竞争以及企业目标函数的差异,建立了要素分配份额的决定模型。根据这个理论模型,本文建立了中国工业部门要素分配份额的计量模型,并利用系统GMM方法进行估计。回归结果表明,垄断能力越高,资本收入份额越高,国有和非国有企业的资本收入份额存在明显差异,国有企业的资本收入份额明显低于非国有企业,各类经济性质企业的资本收入份额从高到低依次为外商投资企业、港澳台企业、法人投资企业、集体企业、私有企业和国有企业。传统新古典分配模型考虑的技术因素,包括要素投入比的变化和技术进步,对要素分配份额的变化没有显著影响,表明我国工业部门要素替代弹性为1,因而劳动与资本相对价格的变化对要素分配份额没有显著影响。我们的结论是,工业部门要素分配份额变化的主要原因是产品市场垄断增加和国有部门改制引起的劳动力市场环境改变。     

中国的消费不振与收入分配:理论和数据

本文根据消费理论的最新发展对收入分配与总需求关系的认识 ,结合中国的具体国情 ,建立了一个用于解释中国消费不振的理论框架 ,并较好地说明了其它理论所不能解释的一些消费特征。最后提出政策建议。     

所有制结构变迁影响城乡收入差距的实证检验——基于面板协整的方法

所有制结构变迁是居民收入差距的根本原因,利用1995-2008年30个地区的数据进行面板协整检验表明：国有经济、集体经济与城乡收入差距存在协整关系,公有制经济和非公有制经济分别与城乡收入差距也存在协整关系;国有经济、公有制经济能缩小城乡收入的差距,而集体经济和非公有制经济则扩大城乡收入的差距。     

Market structure and demand-side substitutability of chained urban hotel segments

This study analyzes how the demand in hotel markets is divided amongst chained hotel segments. Hypotheses regarding consumers’ switching behavior due to changes in income levels and relative prices are tested using data from 25 major urban markets in the United States, encompassing segments ranging from luxury to economy over 43 quarters. The effects of differentiation and market concentration are also investigated in this context. The results suggest that leisure and individual consumers of the low-scale segments may be trading “up” to higher scales when their income increase, but that upscale segments’ corporate consumers are not necessarily trading “down” when Corporate Income fall. In addition, only low-scale segments appear to be substitutes to upscale segments, but the inverse seems not to be true. Also, properties in mid-range segments are found to be the only ones benefiting from a high market concentration, while low-scale properties turn out to be the ones gaining from differentiation through price.     

个人收入分配的选择之道

收入分配关系到一国经济长期、稳定的发展。传统的分配理论关注的是个人拥有的资源禀赋和国家政策与个人收入的关系,将收入分配看成是不受个人影响的因素决定的,忽视个人在收入分配中的作用。本文试图从个人的信息量的不平衡、需求偏好、风险偏好以及决策后形成的扩散效应来分析个人选择对收入初次分配和再次分配的影响。     

资本深化、技术进步与全球化下的劳动报酬份额

劳动报酬在国民收入中所占份额,一定程度上决定了一国最终消费需求大小。本文在新古典分配模型基础上,讨论了资本深化、技术进步以及全球化对我国劳动报酬份额影响机制,并运用省际面板数据进行实证分析。结果显示,具有资本增强属性的技术进步和过快的资本深化,偏离了现阶段我国要素禀赋结构,显著地降低了我国劳动报酬份额,全球化对提高我国劳动所得影响不明显。最后,本文给出了相关政策建议。     

有效促进主产区农民增收的金融对策研究

农村金融服务是农村经济发展的重要的支撑力量.本文对主产区农村金融需求、现状、问题及其原因进行了分析,最后提出有效促进主产区农民增收的金融对策.