Cost Uncertainty and Unilateral Abatement

Unilateral abatement is sometimes advocated in order to set a good example that will make other countries follow. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether existence of correlated cost uncertainty provides an incentive for a country to undertake unilateral abatement. The theoretical model is driven by two main mechanisms; first, a learning effect, as the follower country might reduce its risk premium as it can observe the cost level in the leader country. Second, there is the public good effect, i.e., the marginal benefit of abatement declines when abatement is a public good and other countries contribute to pollution reductions. Results shows that unilateral abatement would be efficient in reducing uncertainty about the unit costs of abatement if a country with low cost uncertainty would undertake abatement first, while a country with initially high cost uncertainty would follow. However, countries may prefer to act simultaneously because of the larger uncertainties that are inherent in a sequential game.      

中外建筑企业项目成本控制比较研究——兼谈建筑企业项目成本控制体系和公司财务的整合

随着建筑市场的日趋成熟,建筑施工企业在建筑项目上的竞争愈加激烈,项目的利润空间越来越小.这就要求各施工企业加强自身的成本控制,降低成本,向管理要效益,争取利润的最大化.本文拟分析和比较中外建筑企业在项目成本控制方面存在的差异,以期能改进我国建筑企业的项目成本控制体系,使其更具竞争力.     

A cost analysis of SIR-Spheres yttrium-90 resin microspheres versus tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma in France,Italy, Spain and the UK

Abstract

Background and aims: A wide range of treatment options are available for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), including systemic treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as sorafenib and lenvatinib, immunotherapies, locoregional therapies such as selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) and treatments with curative intent such as resection, radiofrequency ablation and liver transplantation. Given the substantial economic burden associated with HCC treatment, the aim of the present analysis was to establish the cost of using SIRT with SIR-Spheres yttrium-90 (Y-90) resin microspheres versus TKIs from healthcare payer perspectives in France, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom (UK).

Methods: A cost model was developed to capture the costs of initial systemic treatment with sorafenib (95%) or lenvatinib (5%) versus SIRT in patients with HCC in Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stages B and C. A nested Markov model was utilized to model transitions between progression-free survival (PFS), progression and death, in addition to transitions between subsequent treatment lines. Cost and resource use data were identified from published sources in each of the four countries.

Results: Relative to TKIs, SIRT with SIR-Spheres Y-90 resin microspheres were found to be cost saving in all four country settings, with the additional costs of the microspheres and the SIRT procedure being more than offset by reductions in drug and drug administration costs, and treatment of adverse events. Across the four country settings, total cost savings with SIR-Spheres Y-90 resin microspheres fell within the range 5.4–24.9% and SIRT resulted in more patients ultimately receiving treatments with curative intent (4.6 vs. 1.4% of eligible patients).

Conclusion: SIR-Spheres Y-90 resin microspheres resulted in cost savings relative to TKIs in the treatment of unresectable HCC in all four country settings, while increasing the proportion of patients who become eligible for treatments with curative intent.     

基于研发成本考虑的市场结构优化解析

研发直接带来厂商成本的变化，进而由于技术复杂度的不断提高及研发带来的规模经济，会导致多数产业市场集中度逐渐提高。在专利保护与许可证制度下，当研发导致的沉没成本比较小时，会因其研发速度更快而使厂商数量较多的竞争性市场的福利好于寡占或垄断市场。合作创新与国内竞争可以优化市场结构，提升我国企业研发能力，应对经济全球化的挑战。     

战略成本会计在制造业中的应用研究

现代企业由于电子技术的运用形成了新的制造环境,企业必须有与之相适应的现代管理技术.传统的成本会计未能根据企业内外部环境的变化和企业所采取的竞争战略制定相应的成本会计模式,为了适应这种竞争的需要,战略成本会计应运而生.战略成本会计突破了传统成本会计把成本局限在微观层面上的研究,而把重点转向企业整体战略这一更为广阔的领域,从而有利于企业正确地进行成本预测、决策,正确地选择经营战略,提高企业整体经济效益.     

论我国社会责任审计

随着社会责任会计的兴起并日益受到重视,社会责任审计也应运而生。如何在我国建立切实可行的社会责任审计成为学者讨论的话题。本文首先从企业“社会责任”的提出,并针对SA8000的实施,提出我国企业实行社会责任审计的紧迫性;然后对社会责任审计产生的经济基础和价值基础进行分析研究,探讨了社会责任审计的研究范围;最后提出了在我国实施社会责任审计的构想。     

国企物资采购供应管理的思考

文章针对国有大中型企业进行物资采购供应管理的重要性,对如何加强企业物资采购供应管理,节 约采购成本进行初浅的探讨。     

模糊数学在桥梁造价编制中的应用

工程造价的确定是工程造价管理中一个核心的组成部分,如何准确、快速的确定工程造价是目前工程造价管理中的一个探讨热点,将模糊数学的原理运用于工程项目造价编制,建立了基于模糊数学的工程造价确定模型,此模型可实现工程项目造价准确、快速、精确的编制,最后将此模型应用于公路桥梁工程的造价编制。     

对一个常用物流评价指标的重新思考

目前很多的物流论文中常用物流总成本／GDP这一指标来证明我国物流市场的巨大潜力，本文对此提出了质疑．认为这一比例的高低与我国目前所处的工业化阶段和我国运输业的发展水平有很大的关系。最后，指出了讨论该问题的意义。     

企业物流成本初探

通过对企业物流系统通路的分析,明确了汽车企业物流成本的构成;通过对企业物流系统财务模式的分析,探讨使企业物流成本得到集约化控制的基本保证;通过对企业物流系统降成本目标设定的论述,寻找降成本的关键环节;最后得出通过对企业物流的系统规划和流程重组,借助于物流业务外包和内部资源的优化整合,以提高物流系统的运作速度和资源利用率,合理降低物流成本。