准市场下我国排水权交易定价方法的研究

为解决强降水集中时期我国突出的排水权矛盾,开展排水权配置与交易的研究势在必行,而排水权交易价格问题又是排水权交易问题的关键要素。为此,在借鉴国内外有关水权交易市场和水权交易价格理论和实践的基础上,结合我国排水权交易的现状及特征,提出排水权交易价格形成的两个步骤:一是利用全成本定价法测算排水权交易的基础价格;二是在基础价格之上,研究排水权市场化定价方式。最后,构建出"成本+竞价"的排水权交易定价的综合模式,该模式综合协商定价、招投标定价和拍卖竞价于一体,充分发挥了3种交易方式的各自优势。研究结果有利于推动排水权交易市场的构建,为完善我国排水权交易管理制度提供参考。     

城乡建设用地市场一体化视角下农地发展权价格研究

在国内外农地发展权已有的研究基础上,从机会成本及资源环境经济学角度对农地发展权价格进行阐述,指出农地发展权价格是农用地变更为建设用地后价值增值的货币表现,是一种增值收益的价格,其源于不同利用方式下土地产出率的差别。采用相应的评估方法,对农地发展权价格进行了量化,并以长沙大河西先导区为例,测算出研究区农地发展权价格为187.61元/m~2。     

加强水利工程造价工作提高国债项目投资效益

根据国债资金投入数量与项目工程造价之间的关系以及我国水利工程项目的特点,提出应树立水利工程全面造价管理的思想。阐述工程设计阶段进行优化设计和造价控制的重要性,并对工程建设概预算定额及计价依据进行分析。     

我国公允价值会计计量的应用研究

随着我国市场经济发展以及我国会计与国际会计的接轨,对公允价值会计计量的研究也在逐渐兴起。新的会计准则对公允价值计量属性的再次引入,有必要对公允价值在我国的应用作深入细致的研究。笔者在探讨公允价值在我国会计准则中的应用现状的基础上,分析了存在的问题,并提出了相应的对策。     

Editorial

An Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) was utilized to model the United States demand for domestic and imported tobaccos. The model, which includes equations for domestic flue-cured tobacco, domestic air-cured (burley) tobacco, oriental tobacco, and imported flue-cured and burley tobacco, incorporates the impact of economic factors as well as changes in consumer tastes. In this model homogeneity was rejected under certain conditions, but symmetry could not be rejected. These results suggest that imported flue-cured and burley tobacco, to a limited extent, is a substitute for domestic flue-cured tobacco and is a complement for domestic air-cured tobacco. The trend toward lower average nicotine content of domestic cigarettes is shown to have a detrimenta1 effect on the demand for domestic flue-cured tobacco, but a beneficial impact on domestic air-cured (burley), and imported oriental tobaccos.     

The Costs of Coexistence Measures for Genetically Modified Maize in Germany

We estimate the perceived costs of legal requirements (‘coexistence measures’) for growing genetically modified (GM) Bt maize in Germany using a choice experiment. The costs of the evaluated ex‐ante and ex‐post coexistence measures range from zero to more than €300 per measure and most are greater than the extra revenue the farmers in our survey expect from growing Bt maize or than estimates in the literature. The cost estimates for temporal separation, the highest in our evaluation, imply that the exclusion of this measure in Germany is justified. The costliest measures of the ones that are currently applied in Germany are joint and strict liability for all damages. Our results further show that neighbours do not cause a problem and opportunities for reducing costs through agreements with them exist. Finally, we find that farmers’ attitudes towards GM crops affect the probability of adoption of Bt maize. Our results imply that strict liability will deter the cultivation of Bt maize in Germany unless liability issues can be addressed through other means, for example, through neighbours agreements.     

Factors Influencing Organic and Fair Trade Coffee Growers Level of Engagement with Cooperatives: The Case of Coffee Farmers in Mexico

We study the factors influencing the percentage of organic and fair trade certified coffee sold through a cooperative by growers of five cooperatives in Mexico. The percentage of coffee sold through the cooperative was used as a proxy of growers’ engagement with a cooperative. Using factor analysis and a fractional probit regression, we evaluated the proposition that the level of engagement can be explained by transaction cost economics, social norms and connections, and farmer and farm business characteristics. We found that farm size, uncertainty regarding cooperative time of payment to the members and cooperative commitment on price to be paid negatively influence the level of engagement. In contrast, asset specificity, relational commitment, and price have a positive impact on engagement. Our results may help cooperatives and policy makers to build strategies aiming to increase this level of engagement. This is relevant because lower grower engagement has been found to be positively correlated with weak performing cooperatives.     

On the Deadweight Cost of Production Requirements for Geographically Differentiated Agricultural Products

This article investigates the welfare effects of alternate producer collusion schemes in a context where collusion is authorized in order to cover fixed costs. Using a linear equilibrium displacement model, we find evidence that, when the producer group is allowed to control quota levels, an input quota policy entails a smaller absolute deadweight loss than an output quota policy. This finding suggests that if producer groups are allowed to resort to production-distorting instruments to limit output, they will make production choices that are less costly for society than if they had been allowed to directly control output levels.     

Cost‐reflective pricing: empirical insights into irrigators’ preferences for water tariffs

Using prices to improve the efficiency with which water resources are allocated is now widely accepted in principle if somewhat difficult to achieve in practice. Whilst there are some technical difficulties associated with full‐cost recovery in irrigation, the lack of political will to tackle reform remains a significant impediment. This article reports the results of an empirical investigation into farmers’ preferences for changes to water prices and tariff structures. We conclude that some of the preferences of farmers are conducive to price reform. We also find evidence that public subsidy of infrastructure in irrigation is not always aligned with the preferences of farmers.     

基于沉淀成本视角的企业重组博弈分析

本文从放松新古典完全竞争市场中没有沉淀成本的假设前提入手,在区分固定成本和沉淀成本概念的基础上,运用一个有无沉淀成本的古诺纳什均衡经济模型分析它们各自对企业重组的经济效率和福利水平的不同影响,进而发现,沉淀成本而不是固定成本(规模经济或企业规模)是影响企业重组经济效率和福利水平最基本的经济变量。依据这样的经济模型,我们发现,在国有企业重组过程中,因资产专用性、交易成本和生产过程等原因,沉淀成本普遍存在,严重降低了国有企业重组的经济效率和福利水平。因此,为了提高国有企业重组的经济效率,我们提供制度创新或政策创新的基本原则,关键在于减少或补偿沉淀成本,促进生产要素充分流动,从而创造出一个可竞争的市场经济环境。