关于企业质量损失分析的研究

质量损失分析是企业质量成本管理的重要组成部分,其任务是支持质量改进决策。     

价格战的替代策略及其组合分析

在不完全竞争市场中,一些产品发展到了一定时期,总是避免不了要经受价格战的洗礼。面对行业内一家企业的主动降价,其余的企业似乎除了被动跟随之外别无选择。但笔者认为,企业可以采用其它有效策略,绕开价格战泥潭,化被动为主动,建立非低价竞争优势。     

作业成本法在我国制造企业的应用研究

成本是衡量企业竞争力的首要因素,也是提高企业管理水平的永恒主题,有效控制成本,降低企业成本是增强企业竞争力和活力的重要措施。本文重点引入在成本管理领域日益普及的“作业成本法”,在阐述作业成本法计算原理及过程的基础上,结合其在我国制造企业的具体运用,进一步解析了传统成本管理方法下对于产品实际成本分配归集不当的原因。     

商务成本的构成及其评价问题的研究

近来,商务成本成为一个全球性热门话题,它是企业投资决策的重要依据和反映区域竞争力的重要指标。本文对商务成本的概念和构成作了描述,并介绍了一种计算各个城市或地区商务成本指标系数的方法,为实际工作提供了方便。     

增强企业竞争优势的新思维--实施战略成本管理

随着全球经济的竞争日益激烈和高新技术的蓬勃发展,传统成本管理系统的缺陷表现得越来越明显。一种将成本管理与企业战略相结合,旨在增强企业竞争优势的新思维——战略成本管理应运而生。我国国有企业应以此为契机,建立一套适合自身管理实际的成本管理方法体系,来增强国有企业的竞争优势。     

Economic Capacity Utilization and its Determinants: Theory and Evidence

This paper develops and estimates a model of economic capacity utilization and its determinants by allowing for the firm's full optimization behavior that considers endogenous output choice. The model consists of deriving the short-run output supply function and the capital demand function which generate optimal and capacity output. Optimal capacity utilization is determined as the ratio of optimal to capacity output and its determinants are identified. Evidence from U.S. manufacturing shows that capital expansion not accompanied by market growth and higher materials and capital prices has contributed to lower capacity utilization. Energy price increases have exerted a stimulating impact on capacity utilization. Conventional capacity utilization measures are found to be biased and fail to capture the influences of changes in economic conditions facing firms.     

从成本的角度看我国上市公司的融资选择

文章对我国上市公司几种常用融资方式的理论成本进行了分析,并结合当前银行存贷款利率、股票市场的市盈率等实际情况,计算出各种常用融资方式的融资成本,说明理论上的融资顺序与企业实际采用的融资方式的不同。从我国目前的融资情况来看,应鼓励债务融资,发展可转换债券筹资方     

交易成本与关系型契约的思考

契约成本问题一直是现代经济理论关注的焦点。本文从新制度经济学的相关理论出发,通过对交易成本加以界定和划分,试图探讨关系型契约的边界、产权特征和交易成本之间的关系。     

An application of dynamic specifications of factor demand equations to interfuel substitution in US industrial energy demand

In a recent paper, Jones (1995) [A dynamic analysis of the interfuel substitution in US industrial energy demand. J. Bus. Econ. Stat. 13 (4), 459–465] presents a dynamic analysis of interfuel substitution in US industry energy demand. The author concludes that a dynamic linear logit model is ‘superior' to a comparable dynamic translog model. The latter in fact violates concavity conditions whilst the logit formulation does not. This paper shows first of all that the dynamic formulation of the translog used in Jones (1995) is mis-specified. In fact, a parsimonious error-correction model (ECM) ‘dominates' alternative dynamic formulations, amongst which the partial adjustment mechanism used by the author. The ECM is able to generate optimal estimates of long-run and short-run elasticities, and it satisfies the concavity conditions of the cost function. Further, the theoretical framework used in this paper is the one recently proposed by Urga (1996) [On the identification problem in testing dynamic specification of factor demand equations. Econ. Lett. 52, 205–210] and Allen and Urga (1998) [Derivation and estimation of interrelated factor demands from dynamic cost function. Forthcoming in Economica]. It allows one to identify all coefficients (long-run and short-run) of the dynamic formulation via the joint estimation of the ‘effective' (short-run) cost function and the set of factor demand equations. This strategy solves, amongst other things, the parameter identification problem within the set of demand equations themselves, an issue which was originally noted by Anderson and Blundell (1982) [Estimation and hypothesis testing in dynamic singular equation systems. Econometrica, 1559–1571], re-addressed by Friesen (1992) [Testing dynamic specification of factor demand equations for US manufacturing. Rev. Econ. Stat. LXXIV (2), 240–250] and, more recently, by Urga (1996) and Allen and Urga (1998).     

第三方城市营销模型的构建与应用

在现代网状经济条件下,城市政府通过引入第三方相关利益者参与到城市营销中不仅弥补城市营销成本,而且使城市营销走出单一的直线营销思维。理论和实践证明,第三方城市营销模型将给现代城市营销提供重要的思路。