基于参与主体意愿的农村居民点整理现实潜力测算

研究目的:分析农村居民点整理潜力实现的可行性,为确定农村居民点整理重点区域和整治时序提供决策依据。研究方法:多因素综合评价法、层次分析法和实地调查法。研究结果:(1)浦口区现实潜力修正系数较大的泰山等街道主要分布在长江沿岸,该区域受南京市区辐射影响,经济发展速度快、基础设施完善、政府和农户的整理意愿强烈,而修正系数较小的盘城等街道基础设施薄弱、农业依附性大,参与主体的意愿也较低。(2)到2030年浦口区农村居民点整理的理论潜力为6894.27 hm~2,现实潜力为4382.99 hm~2,占理论潜力的63.57%。(3)根据现实潜力确定浦口区农村居民点整理潜力分级区,Ⅰ级整理区为江浦街道和桥林街道,Ⅱ级整理区为西北部星甸街道、汤泉街道、永宁街道和泰山街道,Ⅲ级整理区为盘城街道、沿江街道、顶山街道。研究结论:农村居民点整理理论潜力释放受自然条件、经济基础、主体意愿等因素制约,存在显著的空间差异,应采取区域差别化的农村居民点整理策略。     

Policies for formalization of informal development: Recent experience from southeastern Europe

This paper presents the updated findings of a series of research studies conducted within the last seven years by the author on the problem of current informal development in five southeastern European countries with varying political and cultural backgrounds: Montenegro, Albania, Former Yugoslavia Republic of Macedonia, Greece and Cyprus. The paper briefly reviews the main complexities and the variables associated with the issue in an effort to identify how these economies currently respond to informality in terms of regulations, priorities, and legislative and political approaches. It briefly investigates the causes, extent and impact of the problem and it analyses the adopted formalization policies with a purpose to identify good practices and remaining weaknesses.     

Inclusive healthcare and the political settlement in Cambodia

Over the past 15 years Cambodia has made significant strides in expanding effective access to free healthcare for the poor, thanks largely to ‘Health Equity Funds’ (HEFs), a multi-stakeholder health-financing mechanism. HEF operators have helped expand access, incentivise health staff, and lobby on behalf of poor patients. However, despite their successes, they have been unable convincingly to address some of the deeper-seated problems of the Cambodian health system, such as under-resourced facilities, underpaid, poorly qualified staff and a burgeoning private sector. This paper explains this state of affairs as a product of Cambodia's ‘political settlement’, in which relatively successful multi-stakeholder initiatives exist as ‘islands of effectiveness’ in a sea of rent-seeking and patronage. While such islands may currently be the best solution available for the poor, the deeper problems are unlikely to be solved without a shift in the political settlement itself.     

The socio-economic differences between landfill and street waste pickers in the Free State province of South Africa

Waste picking is an important survival strategy of many people throughout the developing world. South Africa has a sizeable waste picker population who ply their trade on municipal landfill sites as well as on the streets of cities and towns. This study lifts the lid on this neglected area of research by analysing and comparing landfill and street waste pickers side by side in a socio-economic context. Samples of waste pickers were drawn from the three main municipalities of Mangaung, Matjhabeng and Metsimaholo in the Free State province of South Africa and a questionnaire-based survey was conducted. Among the findings was that waste picking offers a financial lifeline when, due to inadequate schooling and grinding poverty, individuals would be hard pressed to find employment in the formal economy. The study lays an important foundation for further comparative and qualitative research into this important segment of South Africa’s informal economy.     

南京城市人居环境质量预警研究

人居环境是人类生存和发展的基础,也是衡量人类社会进步与文化发展的重要标识。文章在人居环境尺度链中选择了城市尺度作为研究层次,采用人工神经网络方法对指标值进行预测,以南京市为研究对象,建立人居环境的预警系统,并进行了初步的预警研究。     

发达国家农村人居环境建设的经验及其启示

发达国家在农村人居环境建设的过程中,采取了一系列行之有效的措施和办法,并具有相对完善的制度体系,已经积累了丰富的实践经验,实现了农村居民生活环境的全面提升。在研究发达国家农村人居建设方面经验的基础上,结合我国农村发展的实际现状和客观条件,提出了把农村环境监督治理落到实处,发展过程中重视农民主体作用,重视建设农民精神文化生活,农村建设要因地制宜等对策建议。     

Lessons from approaches to informal housing and non-compliant development in Turkey: An in-depth policy analysis with a historical framework

This article examines informal housing/non-compliant development and related formalisation practices in Turkey. An in-depth policy analysis is conducted within a historical framework to underline outcomes and policy performance of approaches and formalisation initiatives. The analysis was conducted by taking the earlier studies focusing on the formalisation practices and debates in the international literature into consideration in order to understand how the case of Turkey confirms, contradicts or adds to the existing body of the literature. Formalisation practices in Turkey, especially the recent one implemented in 2018, have been successful to secure land tenure rights to a certain extent. However, these attempts have not addressed the issues such as mitigating hazard risks, enabling public participation, managing the processes transparently and inspecting the non-compliant development put forward by the scholars. The outcomes of the policy analysis are compared with the approaches of transition and developed economies in Mediterranean Basin. As a result of these comparisons, remarkable similarities were found. The findings of the analysis can be a harbinger of the future for other countries on a rapid development path by means of a considerable policy exchange between countries with similar population and GDP.     

Drivers of informal settlements at the peri-urban areas of Woldia: Assessment on the demographic and socio-economic trigger factors

Though Ethiopia is one of the least urbanized countries of the world, its urban areas are expanding rapidly. Woldia, which is a Zonal town is no exception to this trend and situation. As a result of its rapid horizontal expansion and growth, Woldia is currently confronted with different types of urban problems. The emergence and growth of informal settlements is one of these challenges. To that end, this paper investigates the foremost demographic and socio-economic triggering factors that played key roles for the growth of informal settlements at the peri-urban areas of Woldia. In order to achieve the objective of the study, a questionnaire survey covering a total of 244 sample households was carried out in addition to in-depth interviews, FGDs and key informants. Accordingly, the income disparity; the rise in the lease price of urban land, and the meager compensation paid to peri-urban farmers during their lands expropriation are among the key economic drivers for the growth of informal settlements. Similarly, ever-increasing urban population and inefficient land provision, and lack of housing affordability compounded by the rise in the rental accommodation are the other triggers factors. All these factors, among others, point to the fact that socio-economic and demographic factors are all tied to the immediate growth of such settlements. Thus, lands at the periphery are misused and the situation has greatly contributed to the unlawful and rapid expansion of built-up areas in the city administration.     

新农村建设中的金融支持问题研究

建设社会主义新农村离不开金融的大力支持,但目前农村金融机构不断萎缩、服务水平低下,与"三农"发展的需求不相适应。本文提出了重塑农村金融体系、支持社会主义新农村建设的政策性建议。     

农村非正规金融组织演变、规模与政策选择

农村非正规金融事实上一直在中国农村金融市场中扮演着特殊角色,本文对国内非正规金融与民间金融两种概念进行了必要区分,并指出农村非正规金融组织演变进程是由原先的社会属性向经济属性、关系型信用向准契约型信用转变的过程.中国农村非正规金融的最终演变方向与政府政策选择有着密切联系,政府应该有效地整合农村非正规金融资源,将其纳入到正式制度的调节范围,使其最终成为中国农村金融体系中的重要组成部分.