A LONG‐RUN VIEW OF THE UNIVERSITY GENDER GAP IN AUSTRALIA*

Australian universities were first established in the 1850s, well before the introduction of compulsory schooling. From the middle of the twentieth century, the introduction of mass secondary school education and the expansion of the number of universities widened student access to universities. Subjects offered in higher education increased in scope and labour market discrimination diminished. These factors, together with supply‐side changes, meant that women were more easily able to shift into investing in skills. By 1987, Australian women were more likely than men to be enrolled at a university. These aggregate figures, however, disguise considerable heterogeneity across fields of study.     

3DMAX中基础灯光运用方法探讨

灯光类型在3DSTUDIOMAX中可提供以下六种灯光:环境光、散射光、目标定向光、自由定向光、目标聚光灯、自由聚光灯、太阳光。三维动画中灯光设计的步骤,确定摄影机的机位及机位运动的路线这是灯光设置的前提,根据机位及运动来确定光位照射范围。     

A preliminary comparative analysis of 3D body scanner,manually taken girth body measurements and size chart measurements

In an attempt to provide a technological solution to the influx of cheap imports in South Africa and bridging the technology divide between Africa and the rest of the world, the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research procured a three‐dimensional body scanner from the Textile and Clothing Technology Corporation, in the US. The pilot study was aimed at introducing the technology to the South African consumers, and to compare the scanned data with the manually taken measurements. A convenience sample of 56 females in South Africa was interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Interviews were used to capture views on acceptance of the technology, prior to being scanned. Scanning garments made from a stretchy fabric were designed and sewn in four sizes of small, medium, large and extra large. A covariance, one sample t‐test and paired t‐ tests were used for data analyses. Almost all respondents felt comfortable with the designed scanning garments and the scanning process. The scanner measurements were generally more numerical in value than the manual measurements for a body part as expected, although the disparity was on the higher side than expected. The discernible difference between means of scanned data and standard values in the currently used sizing charts highlighted the long overdue need to update the sizing charts using a national anthropometric database generated locally.     

基于3G技术下的高校掌上数字图书馆的应用探索

在对诠释3G以及掌上数字图书馆概念的基础上,分析了3G技术对掌上数字图书馆高校受众的影响,探讨了在3G技术支持下的高校掌上移动数字图书馆的发展前景及其服务方向与趋势。     

地方电子政务:美国的经验与启示

利用电子政务提高政府绩效水平是美国地方政府的重要战略。美国地方电子政务建立了一种以用户为中心,以服务为导向的电子政务模式。本文在中、美学者对美国地方电子政务建设研究成果的基础上,结合作者在美国的实地考察,分别从战略、管理机构、建设投入、门户网站等方面分析了美国地方电子政务建设的运行特点,并探讨了对中国地方电子政务建设的借鉴意义。     

Creditors’ and Shareholders’ Reporting Demands in Public Versus Private Firms: Evidence from Europe*

In this study we investigate whether the importance of accounting information in contracting and communication with shareholders and creditors affects earnings timeliness in publicly disclosed general‐purpose financial statements. To operationalize the relationship between timeliness demands and the importance of accounting information to shareholders and creditors, we compare the (asymmetry in) earnings timeliness of public firms with that of private firms. We attribute public versus private firm differences in timeliness to shareholders’ demands when a country’s institutions provide strong investor protection. Similarly, we attribute these differences to creditors’ demands when the institutions provide strong creditor protection. Our analysis of public and private firms in 13 Western European countries suggests that creditors and shareholders have different timeliness demands. In particular, we find that the public versus private firm difference in asymmetric timeliness is not associated with a country’s degree of investor protection but positively associated with a country’s degree of creditor protection. The results further suggest that shareholders demand symmetric rather than asymmetric timeliness. An important implication of our study is that general‐purpose financial statements are responsive to creditors’ reporting demands, which contrasts with the idea that these — primarily private — creditors would use special‐purpose reports.     

三维地下空间信息系统应用综述

探讨三维空间信息系统在城市规划以及国民经济建设中的应用。     

基于QualNet的战术数据链三维动态仿真

基于QualNet仿真软 件设计并实现了战术数据链在模拟环境下的三维动态仿真。将战术数据链仿真拓展到三维空 间,加入目标的机动性因素,给出了三维仿真的动态模型及其满足的更普遍关系式,具有一 定的参考价值和指导意义。     

Slow Recoveries: A Structural Interpretation

An analysis of the performance of GDP, employment, and other labor market variables following the troughs in postwar U.S. business cycles points to much slower recoveries in the three most recent episodes, but does not reveal any significant change over time in the relation between GDP and employment. This leads us to characterize the last three episodes as slow recoveries, as opposed to jobless recoveries. We use the estimated New Keynesian model in Galí, Smets, and Wouters (2011) to provide a structural interpretation for the slower recoveries since the early nineties.