Implementation of land and ecosystem accounts at the European Environment Agency

The European Environment Agency has started the implementation of a programme of land use and ecosystem accounts, following the System of Environmental and Economic Accounts (SEEA) guidelines of the United Nations. The purpose is to integrate information across the various ecosystem components and to support further assessments and modelling of these components and their interactions with economic and social developments. This programme reflects the increasing demand for environmental policy integration in Europe, both vertically through thematic policies as well as horizontally across policies in those sectors that contribute most to environmental impacts. The construction of land and ecosystem accounts is now feasible due to continuous improvements in monitoring, collecting and processing data and progress with the development of statistical methods that facilitate data assimilation and integration. The accounts are based on explicit spatial patterns provided by comprehensive land cover accounts that can be scaled up and down using a 1 km² grid to any type of administrative region or ecosystem zone (e.g., river basin catchments, coastal zones or bio-geographic areas). Land cover accounts have been produced for 24 countries in Europe and first results published in the European Environment State and Outlook2005 report of the EEA.¹     

用科学发展观指导城市土地整理

用科学发展观指导城市土地整理工作,处理好城市发展与城市用地总量与结构平衡、生态环境保护的关系,统筹人与自然的和谐发展。为此,要建立健全城市土地整理市场准入机制,完善城市土地整理市场规则,实行政企分开、政事分开,体现市场经济公开、公平、有序、竞争原则,以实现城市土地整理区的社会经济协调发展。     

土地政策对北京市商服用地市场的影响

根据土地供应政策的变化,将北京市商服用地市场的发展分为三个阶段,分析土地供应政策对商服用地市场的影响;同时,运用土地竞租曲线和土地-资本替代弹性方法分析商服用地招拍挂出让市场的变化.     

The Effect of Respondent Experience/Knowledge in the Elicitation of Contingent Values: An Investigation of Convergent Validity,Procedural Invariance and Reliability

Tests of convergent validity and procedural invariance were used to investigate whether individuals lacking direct experience with a commodity can provide valid responses to contingent-valuation questions eliciting ex post use values. Convergent validity between samples with and without experience was shown to hold for dichotomous-choice responses, but not for open-ended responses.     

高密度开发城市土地利用对交通系统的影响作用研究--以广州为例

Recently the study on the mutual relationship between urban transport and land use has been one of the hot subjects in the fields of urban geography, urban transport planning and urban planning. This paper tires to carry out some methods, such as multi-analysis statistics method to specify the impacts of urban land use on urban transport system. Firstly,the choice of urban transport road network affected by the characters of urban land use layout is discussed. Secondly, the promotion of urban public transportation affected by high-density concentrated land use pattern is demonstrated Thirdly, the impacts of urban city-size on transport system structure characters are expatiated. Finally, the impacts of urban master planning in Guangzhou on the layout of transport system are illustrated.     

区域产业结构调整与土地可持续利用关系研究

文章通过实证分析方式阐述了区域经济发展与土地利用相互关系，着重分析了我国非农产业发展的不同阶段耕地占用状况的变化，在此基础上，进一步分析了区域经济系统产业结构升级与用地结构的变迁关系，尤其是“十五”期间我国产业结构的进一步升级，将在一定程度上进一步带动农业用地的非农化，同时还可能会造成土地污染问题，据此作者认为我国产业经济的可持续发展必须以土地资源可持续利用为基础，并提出了推进我国可持续发展的战略实施的土地资源可持续利用政策体系。     

我国固定资产投资宏观效益分析

固定资产投资的直接目的是增加固定资产 ,应考察投资和增加固定资产的关系 ,其宏观指标为固定资产交付使用率和项目建成投产率 ;固定资产投资的最终目的是促进经济增长 ,增加国民收入 ,应考察投资和增加国民收入的关系 ,其宏观指标为固定资产投资效益系数或投资系数。我国固定资产交付使用率“七五”时期比“六五”末不断提高 ,“八五”较为平稳 ,“九五”开始回升。我国固定资产投资效益系数“六五”以来较为平稳 ,“八五”较高 ,“九五”下滑幅度较大。应采取多种措施 ,不断提高投资效益。     

Buyer-Type Effects in Conservation and Preservation Property Values

Properties can be bought by government agencies, land trusts, or private entities for conservation and preservation purposes, such as farmland preservation, wildlife refuges, other conservation, and cultural and historical preservation. There is variation in the dollars paid per acre across properties and across buyer type. An option value model based on future potential land uses is used to explain much of this variation. The data used in our analysis is sales transactions data for conservation and preservation purposes from throughout the United States. We find that much of the value of conservation properties is derived from future potential land uses, including housing, timber, recreation, and conservation. We confirm that public versus private buyers value options differently, which makes sense from a public good point of view, if markets are thin.     

Working Less and Bargain Hunting More: Macroimplications of Sales during Japan's Lost Decades

Standard New Keynesian models have often neglected temporary sales. In this study, we ask whether this treatment is appropriate. We use Japanese scanner data covering the last two decades and find a negative correlation between the frequency of sales and hours worked. We then construct a model that takes households' decisions regarding their allocation of time for work, leisure, and bargain hunting into account. We show that the decline in hours worked explains the rise in the frequency of sales. The real effect of monetary policy shocks weakens by around 40% due to temporary sales, but monetary policy still matters.     

基于主成分与聚类分析法的城市土地利用规划分区研究——以广州市为例

[目的]土地利用分区是土地利用总体规划的核心内容之一,是合理确定土地利用方向,优化土地利用结构与布局的重要途径。为了对广州市土地利用及未来发展方向提供理论指导,结合其土地利用现状和特点,选取土地利用结构、土地开发利用程度、社会经济状况和环境资源承载力4项一级指标及15项二级指标,建立土地利用综合分区指标体系。[方法]通过SPSS19.0软件,运用主成分分析法提取出前4个主成分,并将其作为新的样本数据,采用层次聚类分析法对广州市土地利用进行综合分区。[结果]根据聚类分区结果,将广州市分为4类土地利用区:中心发达区,包括荔湾区、海珠区、天河区和越秀区;综合发展区,包括白云区、番禺区、花都区、增城区和从化区;重点潜力区即南沙区;资源组合区是(新)黄埔区。根据各分区的差异性,提出各区域土地资源开发利用中存在的主要问题及未来发展方向。[结论]根据各区的自然经济条件及土地利用状况,将广州市分为4类土地利用区具有合理性,能为广州市今后土地利用规划的科学编制提供参考。