Price-Performance Competition and the Merger Guidelines

While analysis of competition among differentiatedproducts has evolved under the revisions to theMerger Guidelines since 1982, it remains adhoc. This paper argues that price and performancecompetition among differentiated products is the rulerather than the exception and proposes methods toexplicitly analyze both forms of competition. Themethods address price and performance competition indemand and supply, explicitly incorporatingcompetitive responses as called for by the 1992 Guidelines. Empirical implementation is discussed for a specificmarket.     

The Year in Review: Economics at the Antitrust Division, 2007–2008

This paper covers the activities of the Economic Analysis Group (EAG) of the Antitrust Division, U.S. Department of Justice, during 2007–2008. It describes the economic analysis undertaken by EAG in several important investigations, and in other activities as an advocate for competition. The views in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Antitrust Division.     

多维经济效率视角下的企业合并反垄断规制——兼评"可口可乐与汇源合并案"

由于新古典经济学静态模型依托的有限相关市场假设、绝对进入壁垒假设、单一定价策略假设均不能成立,企业合并形成的行业巨头在大多数情况下不会对静态配置效率、动态效率和X-效率的多维经济效率造成损害.因此,在一般市场中,应放松对企业合并的反垄断规制,而在两类特殊市场中,则应加强标准化管理.     

Ex ante or ex post competition policy? A progress report

When intervening in markets, say to block a merger, competition authorities are constrained by the limited information they have about the social desirability of the available alternatives. Compared to ex ante control, ex post control is based on the more accurate information that becomes available in the intervening period, but entails temporary losses to social welfare and reversal costs incurred to unscramble the eggs. Through a toy model, we identify situations in which the competition authority finds it optimal to commit to forego the option of ex post review in order to avoid chilling ex ante socially beneficial mergers. On the other hand, the case for ex post review is strengthened if post-merger market conducts can signal the merged firm's private information about the consequences of the merger.     

The European Commission's approach to mergers involving software-based platforms: Towards a better understanding of platform power

The European Commission’s digital single market policies are increasingly concerned with the impact of so-called ‘platforms’ on competition in the internal market. Whereas the European Commission acknowledges the contributions of platform companies to innovation, it also sees actual and potential damages occurring from their powerful position. As such, the European Commission aims to strengthen the enforcement of its competition law rules in this area. The main research question is how the European Commission has been evaluating the competitive effects of platforms under merger control and whether its approach is adequate to address the manifold concerns related to platforms and competition. Based on a case study analysis, we conclude that the European Commission (1) recognises the platform circumstance, their essential intermediary role in the digital industry and the importance of maintaining fair competition; (2) its analysis has been slowly evolving becoming more granular; (3) platforms’ behaviour and not their size per se is most often the central concern; (4) the proposed Digital Services Act and Digital Markets Act packages tackle platform concerns identified in the European Commission’s ex-ante analysis, signalling that its analysis seems to have inspired their creation.     

Exploring firm characteristics that differentiate leaders from followers in industry merger waves: a competitive dynamics perspective

Research in strategic management has shown that the timing of firm participation in a merger wave matters, as early movers have been shown to outperform later ones. However, while the consequences of the timing of action within a merger wave have been assessed, the causes that drive these timing effects remain unknown. We draw on the competitive dynamics perspective to investigate firm‐level factors that influence the large‐scale strategic behavior of leading or following within industry merger waves. We develop hypotheses based on the competitive dynamics argument that the awareness‐motivation‐capability of firms will influence the timing of competitive action. Consistent with this perspective, we show that a firm's strategic orientation, its structure, and its resource base influence the timing of firm entry in merger waves. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

企业资本运营之重整

对资本运营的重视既是中国企业应对入世后所面临的挑战的需要，也是传统经营模式发展到一定程度后的自我突破。通过对资本运营的重要表现形式之一的重整-包括兼并与收购、剥立与分立、债权转股权-的描述，结合几个重要的案例，说明了其对改善企业产权结构、优化资源配置、提高经营效益所具有的重要作用。     

电力线路故障行波测距分析研究

文章分析了电力电缆故障定点的重要性,并概述了目前电力电缆故障的检测方法。通过分析小波变换性质,给出了一种基于小波变换的行波测距方法,并提出了一种应用XC3S200FPGA及Atmega16单片机的解决方案．     

两种超声波速度测量方法的比较研究

在同样的实验环境条件下,选用四台声速测量仪进行实验,对每台仪器均采用共振干涉法和相位法测量声波在空气中的传播速度并作比较研究。在共振干涉法测量中,选用数字示波器直接观察电压数值变化来确定极大值位置;在相位法实验中,选择示波器的电压最小灵敏度档位观察李萨如形貌变化。实验结果显示,相位法比共振干涉法更准确,更优越。     

An Empirical Analysis of Post‐Merger Organizational Integration

We study post‐merger organizational integration using linked employer–employee data. Integration is implemented by reassigning a small number of high‐skilled workers, especially in R&D and management. Workforce mixing is concentrated to establishments set up after merger, rather than to previously existing establishments. Worker turnover is high after merger, but new hiring yields stable total employment. Target employees have higher turnover and reassignment, particularly if the target firm is small relative to the acquiring firm. These findings might suggest that integration is costly, but can be achieved by focusing on key employees. Alternatively, the reassignment of a few key employees is sufficient for achieving integration.