新疆区域内人口迁移现状及效果评价

人口迁移对区域经济和社会发展将产生重要影响,需要统筹考虑。本文根据第六次全国人口普查新疆数据,以新疆南疆、北疆和东疆地区为研究单元,从迁移数量、性别、年龄、受教育水平、职业、迁移流向和迁移原因等七个方面分析了新疆区域内人口迁移的现状,即区域内迁移人口呈现“北多南少”的态势、净迁移人口中女性人口多于男性人口、中青年人口是新疆区域内迁移人口的主体、迁移人口教育水平呈现“北高南低”的态势等,同时认为务工经商和随迁家属是区域内人口迁移的主要原因;最后对新疆区域内人口迁移的效果进行了评价。     

创业企业家不确定性容忍度对企业迁徙决策的影响

创业企业迁徙是创业企业成长过程中的重要决策。基于文献研究并结合创业企业家特征,构建创业企业迁徙意愿影响因素模型,重点探讨在不确定性容忍度影响下创业企业迁徙意愿影响因素及其作用机制。研究结果表明,政策环境、生活质量、政府服务质量是影响创业企业迁徙的三大外部因素,创业企业家不确定性容忍度则是重要的内部因素,随着创业企业家不确定性容忍度提高,生活质量对迁徙意愿的影响减弱,而政策环境对迁徙意愿的影响增强,表明当前创业企业孵化与迁徙受政策环境主导。研究结论进一步解释了迁徙情景中创业企业对区域经济环境不敏感以及云集于北上广深等生活成本畸高的城市等现象。     

城镇化视角下的农村人力资本投资研究

本文在分析农村人力资本投资对城镇化的重要作用的基础上,指出了当前农村人力资本投资中存在的影响城镇化发展的种种不足.最后,在城镇化的视角下,提出了改善农村人力资本投资的建议.     

农村城市化中人口迁移问题研究——基于刘易斯与托达罗理论的分析

文章从发展经济学的角度,对农村人口迁移理论作了简要回顾,重点论述了刘易斯的二元经济论与托达罗模型,并结合我国农村城市化过程中人口迁移的实际情况,探讨人口迁移对我国农村城市化发展带来的影响,并提出在这一过程中要注意的一些问题。     

Boom, bust, and the poor: Poverty dynamics in the Middle East and North Africa, 1970–1999

This paper analyzes changes in poverty and inequality in the Middle East and North Africa. It finds that the structural relationship between poverty reduction, income growth and distribution is the same for MENA and other developing economies. Prior to 1985 rapid growth sharply reduced poverty. After 1985, despite very low income growth, a rising share of income accruing to the lowest quintile meant that the average income of the poor rose more rapidly than that of the non-poor. These unusual poverty dynamics were primarily due to international migration. Remittances both increased per capita incomes in labor exporting countries and increased the share of income accruing to the poor.     

托达罗人口流动模型的改进——基于风险升水的视角

农村劳动力的迁移决策是一个理性的经济决策行为,迁移者在做出迁移决策时不仅仅要考虑预期的城乡收入差异,理性的迁移者还会考虑到不确定性带来的效用损失,文章用一个风险升水值来度量这种效用损失,并认为应该从托达罗模型的预期收入差异中剔除这个损失额度。因而,实际预期的城乡收入差异会比托达罗模型所表述的更小,一些风险规避的迁移者可能就会因此退出迁移。     

The influence of taxes on migration: evidence from Switzerland

Empirical studies on the impact of taxation on migration havebeen limited by a lack of comparable data in an internationalcontext and a lack of variation in tax burdens within countries.A notable exception to the latter is Switzerland. Prior empiricalstudies on tax competition in Switzerland have had to rely onaggregated data. In general, these studies have been supportiveof the notion of tax competition, i.e., high earners tend torelocate to low-tax regions. The authors use an alternativepanel approach based on micro-data from the first three wavesof the newly established Swiss Household Panel. Despite activecommunity tax policies aimed at attracting new residents anda significant increase in tax-burden dispersion among communitiesin the past decade, no tax-induced migration is observed. Migrationdecisions are found to be strongly influenced by accommodation-relatedfactors that point to important housing-market effects.