Aid dependence,sustainability and technical assistance Designing a monitoring and evaluation system in Tanzania David Hirschmann

This article demonstrates how aid dependence operates in very concrete terms in the process of consultancy and technical assistance. It draws on the author's experiences in preparing a monitoring and evaluation system for Tanzania's Local Government Reform Program. It illustrates how a comprehensive system of aid dependence, such as prevails in Tanzania, has meant that concern with local ownership, institutional development, affordability and sustainability appeared to find limited support among Tanzanian professionals and in-country donors. The article illustrates how the contradiction between the critically poor data collection system, which seems to demand realism and low cost as priorities and the comprehensive nature of foreign aid operates in four M&E design issues, namely institution building, ambition of performance indicators, pressures for rapid computerization and participatory methods. Finally the article draws a few concluding thoughts about the experience and its relationship to the debates on aid dependency and local ownership.     

构建高职高专“三维动态”教学质量监控体系的研究与实践

在遵循教学管理的基本规律的基础上，通过对比研究高职高专教学质量监控体系内容，结合教学管理、教学监督、教学评价与激励3方面的教学质量监控实践与研究，运用管理理论，阐述了构建高职高专“三维动态式”教学质量监控体系的观点。     

一种面向智能变电站和生产管理系统设备在线监测的数据转换模型

在线监测是实现电网设备状态检修和生命周期管理的前提,而有效的设备数据转换模型是在线监测的基础。通过对智能变电站及生产管理系统的标准、规范进行分析,提出一种用于智能变电站和生产管理系统设备在线监测的数据转换模型。对生产管理系统的设备信息数据模型进行分类总结,基于交换用XML数据对生产管理系统和IEC 61850标准数据模型进行对比,对变电站设备的铭牌信息、运行信息以及监测信息采用标签映射与ID索引相结合的方法,实现智能变电站到生产管理系统的数据转换。     

Why are Firms Hierarchical?

Firms are hierarchical because hierarchy facilitates both monitoring and control. Monitoring is readily explained in terms of agency costs, but control is not. Control relations between superiors and subordinates emerge naturally only when the superior has decisive information and the subordinate does not. When decisiveness does not naturally occur, it may nevertheless be imposed in order to reduce communication costs. The degree of decisiveness reflects the pattern of volatility in the firm's environment. The theory connects the volatility of the environment to the degree of hierarchy in the organisation. Recent changes in volatility can be used to explain contemporary demands for flatter organizational structures.     

医学蚊媒和蜚蠊的诱集监测技术研究

[目的]改进医学媒介昆虫蚊类和蜚蠊的诱集方法,提高口岸对蚊媒和蜚蠊的诱捕能力和监测技术。[方法]使用由本研究设计的多种昆虫诱集装置配合新型昆虫引诱剂,在福建口岸诱集蚊虫和蟑螂,进行效果初步验证。[结果]诱集实验捕获蚊虫5个种,共计1089只,致倦库蚊（Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus）为优势种;蜚蠊4个种,共计380只,德国小蠊（Blattella germanica）为优势种。诱集装置与新型诱剂的组合使用对蚊虫（t=8.190,P〈0.01）和蜚蠊（F=5.859,p〈0.05）的诱集效果均明显好于常规方法。[结论]采用诱集装置并配合新型引诱剂的方法能够获得较好的监测效果,该方法可用于口岸蚊媒和蜚蠊的诱集监测。     

中小企业信贷市场的监控研究——基于信息和产品差异化模型

中小企业信用缺损成为中小企业陷入融资困境并制约其发展的重要原因,但中小企业信贷市场风险高,对中小企业信贷市场的监控便成为研究的重要课题.银行监控中小企业信贷市场的有效途径之一是对借主的事前监控.构建监控模型和产品差异化模型在于银行利用资源在发放贷款之前监测企业,通过银行获取信息或者在市场力(产品差异化)投资模型的分析表明两种选择产生不同的预测,即银行加大分支机构和人力资本的投入,有利于提高信息获取的范围以及信息获取的准确性,但对市场力增长不显著;银行对借主资金交易的管理有利于提高借贷风险控制能力.     

Management of water bodies in show caves – A microbial approach

The aim of this study was to monitor factors affecting the microorganisms of water bodies in caves and apply the findings to improve their management. Four show-caves in Romania were sampled monthly to obtain an overview of the changes occurring in the fungal and bacterial communities of cave waters in relation to surface and underground impacts. Test plates were used for microbiological monitoring, alongside the recording of environmental parameters - physicochemical, drip rates, and number of both bats and tourists. A higher number of microbes were obtained during springtime and the summer tourist peak-season. None of the identified strains were cave-specific, and the presence of human-associated taxa was observed from all of the sites. A lack of significant correlation between the abundances of the microorganisms and the physicochemical parameters of the water emphasise the reliability of microorganisms as significant proxies for impacts on underground environments and their use in management decisions.     

省域高速公路联网监控系统方案设计

省域高速公路的联网监控是高速公路建设的主要趋势,文中设计了省域联网监控系统,阐述了设计的主要目标、整体方案以及各个子系统的功能和构成.     

经济欠发达地区民间借贷问题研究——基于桂林的样本数据

随着社会主义市场经济的发展,民间借贷现象逐渐被重视,而经济欠发达地区的民间借贷行为由于其鲜明的特点和运行机理尤其引人关注。本文以桂林辖区民间借贷为样本,在分析民间借贷现状、特征的基础上,试图探讨经济欠发达地区民间借贷的经济政策效应及监测体系,以达到为货币政策制定和执行提供参考的目的。     

系统性金融风险的监测和度量——基于中国金融体系的研究

国际实践表明,系统性金融风险不仅危及金融稳定,更会给宏观经济和社会财富造成巨大损失。在国际金融危机带来的外部风险输入和我国转轨阶段自身周期性和结构性问题叠加的背景下,我国实体经济与金融体系面临的风险上升并逐步显现。如何构建系统性金融风险的监测和度量方法,从而有效地识别、防范和化解风险成为一个重要而紧迫的课题。本论文借鉴国内外最新的研究和实践成果,在国内外现有研究尚不成熟的方面深入探索。论文将系统性金融风险产生的原因归纳为内部和外部两大因素,将传导机制归纳为内部传导和跨境传导,将扩散机制归纳为信贷紧缩机制、流动性紧缩机制和资产价格波动机制。立足我国转轨体制特点和当前系统性金融风险状况,论文提出了包含7个维度的系统性金融风险综合指数,在采用马尔科夫状态转换方法对综合指数进行实证分析的基础上,识别和判断风险指标的状态和拐点,并度量和预警综合指数状态转移的信息,由此有效衔接宏观审慎和微观审慎,构建一个既可以综合分析整体风险,又可以分解进行局部研究的系统性金融风险监测和度量方法。综合指数模型还引入了指数修正机制以更好地适应中国金融市场的动态发展。