贸易自由化对发展中国家女性就业影响研究述评

现有文献对贸易自由化影响发展中国家女性就业的研究,主要集中在影响的机制、贸易对就业机会的创造或破坏以及在性别工资收入上产生的差异等领域.贸易自由化通过对商品相对价格的改变来影响女性就业,影响的程度受所在国客观经济条件和女性主观因素的制约.多数的研究认为,贸易自由化增加了女性的就业机会,但在不同国家(地区)以及不同产业(部门)的增加幅度又有所差异.关于贸易自由化对发展中国家性别工资差距的影响,理论界存在着两种截然相反的观点.     

基于物元理论的军工科研项目虚拟组织及合作伙伴选择方法

军工科研项目的运作需要解决两个问题:建立何种组织结构?组织结构的成员如何选择?文章首先指出了军工科研项目运作的阶段任务,进一步以物元理论为基础,构建了军工科研项目虚拟组织——物元蛛网协模型(MECCM)和合作伙伴选择方法——优度评价方法。最后,以某军工研究所承担的军方项目×××为案例,对所提出的方法进行了实际应用。     

论人民币汇率机制改革对我国就业的影响

我国劳动力就业压力十分沉重,同时,结构性失业是我国劳动力市场的重要特征,而目前我国人民币汇率低估下的国际收支顺差对劳动力就业产生了诸多不利影响,因此,有必要通过人民币的升值来促进我国经济结构调整,从而从根本上长期解决就业难题.     

产品内国际分工对就业的影响——以江苏省为例

运用江苏省的总量数据和沿江8个市的面板数据对江苏省参与产品内国际分工情况进行实证研究,验证了产品内国际分工对就业具有积极效应的结论.因此,江苏省应该继续推动企业融入全球经济一体化的进程,加大参与产品内国际分工的力度,加快企业"走出去"的步伐,以创造更多的就业机会.     

Electronic Monitoring to Promote National Security Impacts Workplace Privacy

This paper explores electronic workplace monitoring in light of the USA PATRIOT Act—federal legislation with a national security focus that expands the likelihood of electronic workplace monitoring to assist government investigators. The paper examines federal laws that cover the privacy rights of at-will employees in the context of electronic workplace monitoring, including recent cases that have narrowed employee privacy rights. The paper argues that business justifications for electronic workplace monitoring have been bolstered by national security concerns, resulting in decreased expectations of privacy in the workplace for at-will employees. There are persuasive arguments that employers should exercise restraint in the use of information obtained through electronic monitoring in discipline and discharge decisions related to at-will employees. These arguments in favor of exercising restraint flow from the text of the USA PATRIOT Act and consider the risk of discrimination lawsuits.     

三大产业对我国就业问题的影响分析

解决我国的就业问题被人们提到日程,在研究了中国的就业与三大产业产值数据后,笔者认为我国自1992年以来,经历了产业结构的变化,第三产业成为中国就业的新引擎,就业问题的实质性解决有赖于产业结构的进一步优化升级.     

试析我国大学生就业存在的问题与对策

随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的确立和发展,教育教学改革和毕业生就业制度的改革也在加速推进.如何认清就业形势、转变就业观念、了解就业途径和方法,对大学生择业具有重要的现实意义.     

Children and female employment in Mongolia

Although a large body of literature has argued that motherhood has a profound and long-lasting negative effect on the employment and earnings of women, there is little evidence focusing on the post-communist region. This paper exploits the latest rounds of the EBRD-World Bank Life in Transition Survey (LiTS) and the Mongolian National Statistics Office Household Socio-Economic Survey (HSES) to examine the correlation between the presence of children of different age categories in a family and female employment in Mongolia in 2016. We examine the availability of childcare, social norms and attitudes towards women, as well as household decision-making as potential explanations. We find that small children decrease the probability of female employment relative to women with no small children. In particular, women with two children aged one to six years are 21.5 percentage points less likely to be employed. Our results also suggest that cultural biases against women may be at least partially responsible for the low female employment levels we uncovered. These results are unlikely to be driven by omitted variable bias.     

论我国大学毕业生求职过程中所遇到的就业歧视的非正义性

大学毕业生求职受到不公平待遇,侵害了大学生公平竞争和平等就业的权利,对其心理上造成的伤害是无法愈合的。就业歧视是高校扩招政策市场化程度较高的企业的经营意识催生的结果。就业歧视必然带来社会的正义问题,因为它违反了法治原则,是一种就业机会的不平等,腐蚀了政治系统合法性的基础,侵犯了基本的人权。     

当前高校毕业生就业形势分析与思考

本文针对目前高校毕业生就业困难的严峻形势进行归类分析,并对高校毕业生就业困难的原因进行了分析,通过对就业的经济环境、用人单位高校毕业生的素质、高校培养等因素的分析,剖析高校毕业生就业难的原因,结合原因从改善经济环境、改变用人单位观念、提高毕业生自身素质和改革高校教育入手,来缓解和解决高校毕业生就业困难的现实问题。