OEM与我国的企业升级

随着经济的全球化。一种新的生产模式—0EM在全世界范围内被广泛的采用，影响并改变了传统企业竞争的模式。本文即对OEM相关概念与内涵辨析，回顾OEM在全球经济的实践，分析其对经济实践的利弊影响，并提出了我国企业借助OEM实现产业升级的途径，以图对我国的OEM实践有指导意义。     

‘Reverse internationalization’ in Chinese firms: a study of how global startup OEMs seek to compete domestically

This research investigates whether the global startup original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) in China could employ their knowledge-acquisition capability developed via internationalization to compete domestically (i.e. reverse internationalization), facing the recession in developed markets. Results examine that knowledge-acquisition capability can help these firms compete in ‘reverse internationalization’, while the conduct of own brand strategy partially mediates the positive relationship between their capability and domestic performance. We contribute to the literature by identifying the unique ‘Chinese global startup OEMs’, recognizing knowledge-acquisition capability as a high-order dynamic capability for such firms, and introducing a novel entrepreneurial phenomenon we call ‘reverse internationalization’.     

基于价值链理论的产业升级模式初探

在当今世界,经济全球化使生产在全球范围内的分工与合作已成大势所趋。许多中国企业面临跨国公司非核心业务外包的全球化浪潮,同时亦面临代工的风险、不利的处境和可能的损失。在机遇与挑战并存的背景下,中国企业要适应经济全球化趋势和外包全球化浪潮的发展要求,积极参与全球化分工与合作,为跨国公司代工和配套,大力发展OEM模式,并积蓄力量向ODM和OBM水平升级。     

关于我国企业发展自主创新能力的思考

提高企业自主创新能力,促进经济社会的全面、协调和可持续发展,已成为摆在我们面前的一项重要而紧迫的任务。我国企业发展自主创新能力存在的问题,主要体现在技术开发人才严重缺乏,研发资金投入严重不足,国内企业在众多领域仍然没有具备核心的研发能力等方面。应确定产学联盟的指导思想,加强学术界与产业界之间之间的合作;建立企业技术开发机构,加快企业技术中心建设;应在研发团队成员的构成上体现出多样性的特点;拓宽筹资渠道,加大技术创新资金投入力度;学习优秀企业经验,注重企业文化的建设。     

感知质量和感知风险对自有品牌购买意向的影响

在中国,品牌名称和价格能够影响消费者对于自有品牌的感知质量和感知风险,进而影响其购买意向,其中品牌名称的影响要大于价格的影响。零售商在市场策略上,应该更加注重品牌建设,以提高消费者的购买欲望,而不是单纯依靠低价竞争。但是,价格和品牌名称只是最重要的外部因素,未来的研究可以综合考虑更多的外部因素。     

An Empirical Study of OEM in Taiwan's Apparel Industry

Abstract

This paper has examined the effectiveness of the original equipment manufacturing (OEM) system in Taiwan's apparel industry from the perspective of international competitiveness. For that purpose, this study uses the following three definitions as the dependent variables in the empirical analyzes: namely, the ratio of apparel's export value to real gross domestic product (GDP); apparel's export value per unit of labor cost; and trade specialization index of Taiwan's apparel industry. The indices constructed for statistical analysis in this study illustrate clearly that international competitiveness of Taiwan's apparel industry has deteriorated from 1989 to 2005. In addition, in order to clarify those factors that have influenced the fall of international competitiveness, this study identifies three important factors—namely, wage, labor productivity, and the real effective exchange rate (REER)—and four structural and policy dummies, and then conducted multiple regressions to clarify their statistical relations with each of the dependent variable. The analytical findings show that the Taiwanese apparel industry has lost its attractiveness as an OEM production base because of the rise of wages and the fall of labor productivity. In addition, our findings show that the appreciation of the New Taiwan Dollar (NTD) in terms of REER does not influence the movement of international competitiveness in Taiwan's apparel industry.     

The Dynamic Relations between the World's Leading Computer Companies and Their Corresponding OEM/ODM Firms

This paper explores the return dynamics between the world's major computer OBM firms and their corresponding OEM/ODM companies in Taiwan. We adopt a systematic multiple hypotheses testing method, the VAR test methodology, to test the dynamic relations. The result shows that there exist strong dynamic relations between the stock returns of the own-brand firms and their corresponding OEM/ODM firms. Specifically, returns of the OBM firms tend to lead those of their corresponding OEM/ODM companies. And the extent of this return lead-lag pattern increases with the closeness of the relationship between those OBM firms and their OEM/ODM partners. This implies that the OBM-OEM/ODM partnership is an important factor in the information set of the investors' trading strategies. In addition to the return dynamics, we also examine the volatility association and spillover effect between returns of these two types of firms. The result indicates a significant spillover effect of the current volatility of the OBM firms on future volatility of their corresponding OEM/ODM firms. Our results imply that the information transmission process between performance of the OBM firms and earnings power of the OEM/ODM companies is not only channeled through the first moment return lead-lag pattern, but also conducted by the second moment volatility spillover effect.     

OEM、ODM到OBM：新兴经济的企业自主创新路径研究

从OEM到ODM再到OBM的路径其实就是引进、消化吸收、模仿到自主创新的过程，也是一个技术积累和技术学习的过程。新兴经济大多数企业的创新OEM起步，在进行一定的资本和技术积累后，逐渐过渡到ODM和OBM，OEM、ODM、OBM三种模式在技术学习过程、市场、价值创造及创新特点方面有着不同的特征。新兴经济的一些企业成长和创新路径的典型案例给我国企业提供了很好的借鉴。在与发达国家企业开展OEM业务时，我国企业应在生产制造过程中逐渐积累起自身的R＆D能力，形成自己的知识产权，在此基础上进行自主创新和创建自主品牌，实现从OEM、ODM到OBM的演进。     

企业自主创新浅析——由OEM到ODM、OBM

OEM作为一有效率的合作方式,已成为我国制造业融入国际价值链体系的一个主要途径,但其内在劣势也是制造业面临的最大问题,从"贴牌"走向"创牌"是企业发展的必由之路.     

Entrepreneurship and an Apprentice-based Cluster: The Evolution of Houli's Saxophone Cluster in Taiwan

Abstract

This paper analyses the relationship between entrepreneurship and an industrial cluster in general, by particularly examining one of Taiwan's industrial clusters, Houli's saxophone cluster. Our purpose is threefold. First, instead of investigating high-profile and chiefly government-directed clusters, such as science parks, we focus on a small and medium enterprise (SME) cluster. Second, unlike most studies that usually show how clusters foster entrepreneurship, we emphasize the role of entrepreneurship in the formation of the cluster industry. We discuss how a skilled artisan turns into an entrepreneur and how an apprentice-based cluster is formed. Third, we show that what used to be the competitive advantages of Houli's saxophone cluster – a peculiar apprentice-based cluster and the supportive precision machine agglomeration in central Taiwan – turn into its weaknesses when globalization surged in the 1980s. A three-year stint in government support, attempting to revitalize Houli's saxophone cluster by organizing a functional network and improving the technology, was unable to overturn the challenges from globalization. Although entrepreneurs learn to adapt to the changing environment, the current lackluster performance of Houli's saxophone industry demonstrates that regardless of how much glory there was in the past, it is inevitable in a “living” economy that a cluster cannot avoid its own ebb and flow.