关于我国企业发展自主创新能力的思考

提高企业自主创新能力,促进经济社会的全面、协调和可持续发展,已成为摆在我们面前的一项重要而紧迫的任务。我国企业发展自主创新能力存在的问题,主要体现在技术开发人才严重缺乏,研发资金投入严重不足,国内企业在众多领域仍然没有具备核心的研发能力等方面。应确定产学联盟的指导思想,加强学术界与产业界之间之间的合作;建立企业技术开发机构,加快企业技术中心建设;应在研发团队成员的构成上体现出多样性的特点;拓宽筹资渠道,加大技术创新资金投入力度;学习优秀企业经验,注重企业文化的建设。     

An Empirical Study of OEM in Taiwan's Apparel Industry

Abstract

This paper has examined the effectiveness of the original equipment manufacturing (OEM) system in Taiwan's apparel industry from the perspective of international competitiveness. For that purpose, this study uses the following three definitions as the dependent variables in the empirical analyzes: namely, the ratio of apparel's export value to real gross domestic product (GDP); apparel's export value per unit of labor cost; and trade specialization index of Taiwan's apparel industry. The indices constructed for statistical analysis in this study illustrate clearly that international competitiveness of Taiwan's apparel industry has deteriorated from 1989 to 2005. In addition, in order to clarify those factors that have influenced the fall of international competitiveness, this study identifies three important factors—namely, wage, labor productivity, and the real effective exchange rate (REER)—and four structural and policy dummies, and then conducted multiple regressions to clarify their statistical relations with each of the dependent variable. The analytical findings show that the Taiwanese apparel industry has lost its attractiveness as an OEM production base because of the rise of wages and the fall of labor productivity. In addition, our findings show that the appreciation of the New Taiwan Dollar (NTD) in terms of REER does not influence the movement of international competitiveness in Taiwan's apparel industry.     

The Dynamic Relations between the World's Leading Computer Companies and Their Corresponding OEM/ODM Firms

This paper explores the return dynamics between the world's major computer OBM firms and their corresponding OEM/ODM companies in Taiwan. We adopt a systematic multiple hypotheses testing method, the VAR test methodology, to test the dynamic relations. The result shows that there exist strong dynamic relations between the stock returns of the own-brand firms and their corresponding OEM/ODM firms. Specifically, returns of the OBM firms tend to lead those of their corresponding OEM/ODM companies. And the extent of this return lead-lag pattern increases with the closeness of the relationship between those OBM firms and their OEM/ODM partners. This implies that the OBM-OEM/ODM partnership is an important factor in the information set of the investors' trading strategies. In addition to the return dynamics, we also examine the volatility association and spillover effect between returns of these two types of firms. The result indicates a significant spillover effect of the current volatility of the OBM firms on future volatility of their corresponding OEM/ODM firms. Our results imply that the information transmission process between performance of the OBM firms and earnings power of the OEM/ODM companies is not only channeled through the first moment return lead-lag pattern, but also conducted by the second moment volatility spillover effect.     

品牌2—8律：中国劳动密集型产业发展的一个问题

中国国际制造业中心如何实现和自主品牌战略如何实施存在理论分歧。本文基于新的国际分工形态,实证研究代工生产与劳动密集型制造业的产业结构,归纳和提出劳动密集型产业结构或品牌结构2—8律。这一规律的发现,对于中国劳动密集型制造业发展模式和发展战略的研究具有裨益。     

OEM经营模式演进的路径探微

20世纪90年代以来,知识经济、网络技术、电子商务的迅猛发展持续快速地改变了全球商业模式,制造业OEM的理论基础在经济全球竞争的大背景下继续演绎,OEM经营实践也在持续演进,发展的轨迹是走向ODM和OBM、融入SCM、拥抱虚拟化浪潮三个层面,OEM的内涵与外延也得到了丰富和拓展。OEM发展的新动向为中国代工企业升级提供了新思路。     

OEM、ODM到OBM：新兴经济的企业自主创新路径研究

从OEM到ODM再到OBM的路径其实就是引进、消化吸收、模仿到自主创新的过程，也是一个技术积累和技术学习的过程。新兴经济大多数企业的创新OEM起步，在进行一定的资本和技术积累后，逐渐过渡到ODM和OBM，OEM、ODM、OBM三种模式在技术学习过程、市场、价值创造及创新特点方面有着不同的特征。新兴经济的一些企业成长和创新路径的典型案例给我国企业提供了很好的借鉴。在与发达国家企业开展OEM业务时，我国企业应在生产制造过程中逐渐积累起自身的R＆D能力，形成自己的知识产权，在此基础上进行自主创新和创建自主品牌，实现从OEM、ODM到OBM的演进。     

产品内分工视角下的产业升级——基于中国玩具出口的经验研究

经济全球化背景下的产品内分工以及由此形成的国际贸易模式能够实现全球的资源优化配置,从而有助于世界福利水平的提高。但对于不同的国家而言,由于分工中嵌入的价值链的位置不同,其收益情况也不一样。同时,这样的分工模式会形成并加大不同参与国的技术差距,进一步固化本土产业结构的升级。本文借鉴内生经济增长模型并结合“蛙跳”理论,分析了产品内分工框架下的代工模式所造成的中国产业升级困境,研究表明产品内分工模式下中国产业升级面临两难选择,自主技术创新可以突破困境,实现产业升级。     

论OEM在我国的作用和地位

金融危机席卷全球,这对外贸依存度高达70%的中国来说,影响无疑是深刻的。在众多产业中,制造业所受到的影响是空前的。从OEM在中国的发展之路出发,然后从理论和实际两个角度透析OEM目前在中国的作用和地位,同时提出若干建议。     

企业自主创新浅析——由OEM到ODM、OBM

OEM作为一有效率的合作方式,已成为我国制造业融入国际价值链体系的一个主要途径,但其内在劣势也是制造业面临的最大问题,从"贴牌"走向"创牌"是企业发展的必由之路.     

Entrepreneurship and an Apprentice-based Cluster: The Evolution of Houli's Saxophone Cluster in Taiwan

Abstract

This paper analyses the relationship between entrepreneurship and an industrial cluster in general, by particularly examining one of Taiwan's industrial clusters, Houli's saxophone cluster. Our purpose is threefold. First, instead of investigating high-profile and chiefly government-directed clusters, such as science parks, we focus on a small and medium enterprise (SME) cluster. Second, unlike most studies that usually show how clusters foster entrepreneurship, we emphasize the role of entrepreneurship in the formation of the cluster industry. We discuss how a skilled artisan turns into an entrepreneur and how an apprentice-based cluster is formed. Third, we show that what used to be the competitive advantages of Houli's saxophone cluster – a peculiar apprentice-based cluster and the supportive precision machine agglomeration in central Taiwan – turn into its weaknesses when globalization surged in the 1980s. A three-year stint in government support, attempting to revitalize Houli's saxophone cluster by organizing a functional network and improving the technology, was unable to overturn the challenges from globalization. Although entrepreneurs learn to adapt to the changing environment, the current lackluster performance of Houli's saxophone industry demonstrates that regardless of how much glory there was in the past, it is inevitable in a “living” economy that a cluster cannot avoid its own ebb and flow.