历史视阚下的自然资源与经济增长——以主要发达国家为例

本文全面考察了主要发达国家在早期经济发展过程中自然资源对经济增长的影响,既弥补了已有相关文献历史事实依据不足的缺陷,又扩展了分析视野,对于当今自然资源丰裕型发展中国家摆脱资源依赖型增长＂陷阱＂,选择具有历史依据和现实可行性的发展道路,充分发挥资源丰裕对经济增长的正面效应,避免负面效应,实现经济可持续发展具有重要现实意义。     

浅谈古希腊城邦殖民扩张的原因

古希腊是世界文明古国之一,其民族在生存和发展过程中积累了许多宝贵的经验并且创造了灿烂的文化。但是为什么在古希腊历史上却出现了城邦的殖民扩张的浪潮？究其原因,主要是土地的贫瘠、气候的恶劣以及在遭遇自然灾害或是人口过剩以及阶级矛盾尖锐等情况下,古希腊人便开始了对遥远的甚至是未知的领域进行积极的探索。其原因可谓是多种多样的。     

Managing E-Procurement Solutions Portfolio: Case Study of an Indian Steel Manufacturer

ABSTRACT

Increasingly firms are using e-solutions to fulfill their procurement needs. In the last few years, various forms of e-Procurement solutions have emerged. This case study looks into the evolution of e-Procurement solutions at an Indian steel manufacturer, Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO). This case study raises questions about the determinants of each solution type and its consequences. This study argues that rather than sticking to one solution, firms need to manage a portfolio of e-Procurement solutions to realize the full potential of the Internet.     

FDI spillovers in new EU member states

Using an unbalanced panel of firm‐level data in Bulgaria, Poland and Romania, we examine the impact of foreign firms on domestic firms’ productivity. In particular, we try to answer the following research questions: (1) Are there any spillover effects of foreign direct investments (FDI), and if so, are they positive or negative? (2) Are spillover effects more likely to occur within or across sectors? (3) Are the existence, the direction and the magnitude of spillovers conditioned by sector and firm‐specific characteristics? Our findings show that FDI spillovers exist both within and across sectors. The former arise when foreign firms operate in labour‐intensive sectors, while the latter occur when foreign firms operate in high‐tech sectors. Moreover, we find that domestic firm size conditions the exploitation of FDI spillovers even after controlling for absorptive capacity. We also detect a great deal of heterogeneity across countries consistent with the technology gap hypothesis.     

东盟四国企业所得税优惠政策的比较

本文介绍了越南、泰国、马来西亚、新加坡这四个东盟国家企业所得税的优惠政策及在经济危机情况下各自采取的应对措施,比较了他们各自的特色及从中得到的启示。     

国外名人广告风险规避及其启示

健全的广告法规,严格的广告预审制度,名人自律和正确的自我定位,以及消费者的理性消费观,使国外名人能够成功地规避广告风险。这给予问题迭出、争议不断的我国名人广告提供了有益的启示。     

Better marketing to developing countries: Why and how

Managers have long understood the rationale for investing in new products. Now, however, they face an even more compelling need: to invest in targeting new markets, specifically those in less developed countries (LDCs). The argument presented in this article, for initiating or increasing marketing efforts in these nations, makes two related points. First, a healthy world economy requires consumers in developing nations—particularly China—to spend more, because trade imbalances between the United States and LDCs cannot be sustained. Second, in order to foster consumption in LDCs and to profit from it, marketing expertise in the developed world must refocus. Success will require devising, promoting, and distributing products that will overcome economic constraints in some markets, and in others will overcome an understandable reluctance to spend rather than save. We suggest that lessons may be gleaned from examples regarding recent efforts targeting LDCs by a pharmaceutical company (Pfizer) and a food supplement marketer (Procter & Gamble), as well as efforts pioneered in less developed countries themselves (including low-cost private schools and $2,500 automobiles).     

The beginning of the transatlantic market for Swedish iron

Abstract

From the commencement of the American Revolution until the expiration of the treaty of 1783,¹ the diplomatic relations of the United States with Sweden were determined mainly by political circumstances arising out of the relations of each of the two countries with the great powers of Europe. By the time the treaty expired in 1798, both the United States and Sweden had broken with Revolutionary France, and since Gustavus Ill's high hopes for Swedish-American commerce had failed to materialize, there was little direct intercourse between the two countries. With the turn of the century, however, a great change took place as the American market suddenly began to assume an increasingly important role for Sweden's greatest export product, iron. Within the first decade of the nineteenth century the United States became one of the greatest purchasers of Swedish iron, and Swedish-American commerce was to continue expanding well into the middle of the century. From this time to the outbreak of the Civil War, the political factors, which had previously been the link between the two countries, were overshadowed by the predominant part that the transatlantic market played in Swedish-American diplomacy.