政府对垄断行业价格管制的经济学分析——以自来水行业为例

自来水行业是社会公益性的自然垄断行业,其中存在市场失灵。通过模型分析对自来水价格管制前后的各受益主体显示,政府对垄断行业的价格管制是十分必要的。通过合理的价格管制,最终增加社会净福利。最后,提出要重视听证会制度在价格管制中的作用,以及要完善政策制定过程。     

Willingness to pay for brands: a cross‐region,cross‐category analysis

Using survey data collected in multiple locations (California and Texas in the United States and Revohot in Israel), we quantify category‐ and location‐specific variations of consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for brand products after controlling for consumer characteristics. We find that consumers have a similar qualitative assessment of brand value in different product categories across different locations. That is, consumers have a stronger preference and higher WTP for brands in consumer electronics, followed by clothing and then processed food, and the lowest in fresh produce. Furthermore, we simulate price premiums and market shares of brands relative to generic products in different categories. Simulation results suggest that brands in fresh produce have the highest price premium but lowest market share. Despite the similarities, the magnitude of WTP for brands as well as the simulated price premium and the corresponding market share in the same product category are location variant. The similarities and dissimilarities suggest validity of having global brand strategies adapted to local conditions, that is, the so‐called “thinking globally and acting locally” strategy.     

World market integration for export and food crops in developing countries: a case study for Mali and Nicaragua

Using a generalized error correction model, this article measures and compares market integration for export cash crops versus imported food crops for Mali and Nicaragua, and computes transmission elasticities between changes in the goods’ border and domestic prices. Both Mali and Nicaragua obtain the bulk of their export revenue from a particular agricultural commodity—cotton for Mali and coffee for Nicaragua—and both import the same key staple food of rice. To reap the economic gains from this trade specialization, the two countries’ agriculture must be well‐integrated into world markets. The two countries present an important policy contrast that affects their degree of world market integration and price transmission. In Mali, a parastatal enterprise controls its cotton industry, while Nicaragua has less state direction over agriculture. Reflecting this difference, the results show that for both its main export and import commodity, Nicaragua is more integrated into world markets and has higher price transmission than Mali. The results for Nicaragua also show much higher integration and price transmission for its main agricultural export (coffee) than its major import (rice).     

要素价格扭曲、行业异质性与R&D投入关系研究——来自中国制造业28个细分行业的证据

从中观视角研究要素价格扭曲对制造业R&D投入的影响及行业差异,厘清行业异质性背景下要素价格扭曲影响R&D投入的理论机制,运用制造业细分行业数据,结合非线性面板门槛模型进行深入分析。结果显示：要素价格扭曲对制造业R&D资本投入和R&D人力投入均均具有显著抑制效应,行业异质性因素在二者间发挥重要调节作用。进一步,运用面板门槛模型对行业异质性因素的作用进行探究。结果表明,行业特征因素如市场竞争、资本密集度、企业平均规模以及对外开放度在不同门槛值区间,要素价格扭曲对R&D投入的影响效应均存在显著差异。研究结论为全面深化市场化改革、提高要素资源配置效率、促进制造业自主创新转型升级,进而推动创新型国家建设具有一定启示意义。     

火车票定价与社会福利

一般认为火车票市场之所以存在“倒票”都是因为价格管制的结果。价格管制导致了市场中存在套利机会,但是本文应用一个动态博弈模型论证了:对于火车票这种特殊商品,即使价格升高到供求均衡价格,依然可能存在套利机会;单纯地提高价格不仅不能消除“倒票”行为,而且损害了低收入消费者的福利。本文提出了一种差别定价方式———两期定价方法,可以驱逐市场中的“套利者”;同时,恰当的两期定价还可增进社会福利。     

城市增长控制:实证研究与理论模型

综合了40多年来关于城市增长控制的研究成果,从实证分析角度的总结认为,城市增长控制会改善社区质量,提高城市区的土地价格和住房价格;从城市空间理论角度分析了城市增长控制的理论模型,理论模型可以解释实证结果,城市增长控制会提高城市土地所有者的地租,同时住房价格的提高会减少消费者的其他消费,从而会损坏消费者(尤其是租户)的利益.     

Market Integration of Fish in Europe

This paper examines market integration between fish species in Europe, taking international market integration into account. Based on Juselius (2006) , market integration is found both on the fresh and frozen markets. The Law of One Price is in force on the fresh market within the segments of flatfish and pelagic fish. Assuming transitivity, a loose form of market integration is identified between 13 fresh and seven frozen fish species, and the relative prices are found fairly stable. The policy implication is that catch limitation measures implemented through the Common Fisheries Policy have limited and conditional effects on prices, because of the large size of the market and varying market integration. Therefore, many fishermen are not ‘compensated’ by price increases as a result of catch limitation measures.     

基于不完全信息动态博弈模型的报价策略研究

目前应用博弈论对价格谈判所进行的研究大多集中于讨价还价问题,而关于报价问题的研究往往依靠定性分析。因此本文建立了一个关于报价策略的三阶段不完全信息动态博弈模型,并通过求解证明：在谈判双方信息对称的条件下,无论对买方还是卖方来说,“抢先报价”都是占优策略。在买卖双方都采取“抢先报价”策略时,报价顺序博弈的结果具有不确定性。在现实中买卖双方往往会通过各种其他手段来达到抢先报价的目的。     

货币政策与金融形势指数FCI: 基于VAR的实证分析

为了探索资产价格在货币政策中的信息功能,经济学者们构造了金融形势指数FCI以反映未来产出与通货膨胀率的变化.常规的FCI指数包括真实短期利率、真实房地产价格指数、真实有效汇率指数和真实股权价格指数.鉴于中国货币政策的实践,本文拓展了FCI指数的概念,考察了加入真实货币供应量的FCI指数在中国货币政策传导中的信息角色.基于VAR模型的实证研究表明：FCI指数可以成为中国货币政策的重要参照系;包含真实货币供应量的FCI指数对CPI通胀率具有更好的预测力.