中国棉花生产技术效率及其影响因素分析

深入分析我国棉花生产技术效率及其影响因素,对于稳定和提高棉花产量、保障国民经济健康发展有着重要意义.本文首先对我国12个主产省棉花生产的技术效率进行测算,并重点考察了其时序波动和地区差异特征;其次探讨了棉花生产技术效率的主要影响因素,通过构建计量模型,对可能的影响因素进行了回归分析.结果表明,2001-2009年,我国棉花生产技术效率的区域差异和时序波动特征明显,西北棉区技术效率最高且波动最小,其次是黄河流域棉区,长江流域棉区技术效率最低且波动最剧烈;适度规模经营、农民受教育程度、农业科技人员数量和非农产业发展对棉花生产的技术效率有正效应,非农人口比例和异常天气的负面影响较大.文章最后给出了相应的政策建议.     

Supply chain integration and operational performance: The contingency effects of production systems

The boundary conditions of supply chain integration (SCI) have been widely studied in order to find out when SCI is applicable and effective. However, prior studies have mainly focused on external contextual factors, such as supply complexity, environmental uncertainty and country-level infrastructure. This study contributes to the SCI literature by examining the contingency effects of internal production systems on the relationship between supplier integration, customer integration and operational performance. Based on organizational information processing theory, we provide evidence to show that the impact of supplier and customer integration on operational performance varies across production systems, such as one-of-a-kind production, batch production and mass production systems. The empirical results also reveal how supplier and customer integration can be matched with different configurations of production systems in order to achieve the desired quality, flexibility, delivery or cost performance.     

高职院校产学研合作教育的探索

产学研结合是指由学校和企业、科研院所在功能与资源优势上的协同与集成化,是技术创新的对接与耦合,是科技成果转化和产业化的有效实现形式和途径。产学研合作是将理论学习与实践训练相结合,培养学生实践能力和创新精神,全面提高学生素质的一种新型的教育模式,是高职教育进一步发展的必然趋势。高职教育走产学研相结合的道路,成为高职教育改革的重中之重,对新型人才的培养具有十分重要的现实意义。     

Adoption of farm‐based irrigation water‐saving techniques in the Guanzhong Plain,China

This article analyses adoption of farm‐based irrigation water saving techniques, based on a cross‐sectional data set of 357 farmers in the Guanzhong Plain, China. Approximately 83% of the farmers use at least one farm‐based water‐saving technique. However, the traditional, inefficient techniques border and furrow irrigation are still prevalent whereas the use of advanced, more efficient techniques is still rather rare. We develop and estimate an adoption model consisting of two stages: awareness of water scarcity and intensity of adoption. We find that awareness of water scarcity and financial status enhance adoption of more advanced techniques whereas access to better community‐based irrigation infrastructure discourages it. We furthermore find both community‐based irrigation infrastructure and farm‐based irrigation water‐saving techniques have mitigating effects on production risk. From the results it follows that adoption can be stimulated via financial support and via extension aimed at enhancing awareness of water scarcity.     

对外开放格局下承接农业产业转移对现代农业发展的影响研究

加快现代农业发展是十二五期间我国农业发展的重要战略。在国际及国内区际产业转移背景下,承接农业产业转移对承接地区现代农业发展具有重要的推动作用,一是推动农业技术体系的转型和升级,二是推动农业生产方式的全面革新,三是推动现代农业产业结构体系的形成。必须创新农业发展策略,以发挥承接农业产业转移对现代农业发展的积极作用,加快现代农业发展。     

新疆兵团经济发展中的农村金融深化分析

资金短缺而需求旺盛是中国广大农村面,临的一个共同问题,对此现实情况,政府和学者们借鉴国外成功经验探索本国农村金融深化道路,并取得了一定成绩。新疆生产建设兵团根据自己的现实情况,循序渐进将金融资源推向农牧团场,帮助团场致富。文章试图就目前兵团农牧团场金融深化情况进行分析,提出建议,以使金融资源能够更好地为兵团农牧团场经济发展服务。     

中国与东亚和美国贸易差额联动效应分析

中国对东亚国家（地区）的贸易长期处于逆差状态,而同时对美国却保持高额顺差。本文通过实证分析认为,中国对东亚的贸易逆差及对美国的贸易顺差之间存在联动效应,并从雁行模式的东亚产业转移、东亚生产网络及美国需求三方面分析了该联动效应产生的原因。还探讨了差额联动的变化趋势：长期看,由于中国在三角贸易中的地位将有所改变,差额联动效应有望减弱;短期看,差额联动效应仍将存在。

Abstract：

China has always been keeping trade deficit with East Asia,but keeping trade sur-plus with America at the same time.The paper proves a coupling effect between the trade surplus and deficit by positive analysis,and analyses the reason why a coupling effect can exist from three aspects：East Asian industrial transfer in flying geese model,East Asian production net-works and American demand.The paper also discusses the trend of coupling effect：in the long run,the effect is expected to reduce since the position of China in triangular trade pattern will be changed;in the short term,the effect will still exist.     

R&D,trade in intermediate inputs,and the comparative advantage of advanced countries

This paper examines the accumulation of physical capital versus knowledge (R&D) capital as a determinant of advanced countries’ comparative advantage. I show that advanced countries are abundant in R&D resources, specialize in knowledge-intensive stages of high-technology industries, and outsource labor-intensive stages of the industries to labor-abundant countries. In contrast, global data on production and trade cannot support the conventional view that advanced countries specialize in and export capital-intensive goods. My results indicate that the accumulation of knowledge capital plays a vital role in explaining advanced countries’ comparative advantage.     

Investigation of the “China effect” on crowding out of Japanese FDI: An industry-level analysis (1990–2004)

This paper applies a dynamic panel model to investigate whether China is crowding out Japanese foreign direct investment (FDI) from other economies of Asia. We examined this with industry-level data on Japanese FDI flows into Asian economies. In order to deal with possible problems of serial correlation and endogeneity, we estimated coefficients using a difference and system generalized method of moments to examine the “China effect” on industries. We found a significantly high degree of crowding out effect by China on its Asian counterparts. Among twelve industries, a crowding out effect was found in nine industries, including electrical &; electronics—the biggest industry for Japanese FDI. However, a complementary effect was found in two industries, one of them being transport, which is the second biggest industry for Japanese FDI. We conclude that while China's rise is a prominent threat for the region, it could be transformed into an opportunity in vertically fragmented industries.     

德国煤矿安全生产管理的经验及启示

近年来，虽然我国煤矿安全生产在稳步好转，但是，仍然面临严峻的形势，重特大事故仍时有发生。尤其是与发达国家德国相比，我国的煤矿安全生产管理还有待加强与改善。所以，本文试图提出合理地借鉴德国的煤矿安全生产管理经验，以推进和完善我国的煤矿安全生产。