IMF新决议的突破：双边汇率监督范围之厘定

明确地划定双边汇率监督覆盖的范围是IMF新决议的重大突破。新决议以外部稳定作为统领原则和核心，借助临近原则将对外部稳定具有直接和重要影响的会员国政策纳入汇率监督的范围。新决议还对国内政策、国内稳定与外部稳定的关系做了廓清，认为国内政策通过促进国内稳定来促进外部稳定，同时对经济增长与外部稳定的关系进行了明确。新决议对我国具有重要影响，我国应重视但不应不适当地放大新决议的影响，最重要的是利用新决议的特点和有利规定为人民币汇率主动、可控和渐进性改革保驾护航。     

运用CRM开展图书馆服务

CRM是通过对客户信息资源的管理,来提高客户对企业产品和服务的满意度。企业的客户关系管理与图书馆的读者管理具有一定的相似性。本文深入理解了CRM的内涵,分析了运用CRM开展图书馆服务的必要性、可行性,以读者为中心,分别从读者信息的获取、挖掘及运用角度,具体讨论了CRM在图书馆服务中的应用,最后预测了将CRM运用于信息服务工作的前景。     

物流联盟稳定性的博弈分析

基于博弈理论分析了物流联盟成员之间关系的稳定性,建立了重复博弈模型,研究了物流联盟稳定性的条件。     

基底冲刷对桥墩安全性影响研究

文章研究了冲刷造成桥墩倾覆和其他所有可能的破坏,针对湖南资水大桥实例,对可能的冲刷破坏进行了分析和研究,用数值积分法计算了基底冲刷对基础检算各项目的影响,包括冲刷对倾覆稳定性、墩顶弹性水平位移和基底压应力的影响3个基本部分,最终得出基底冲刷对桥墩安全性的影响。     

Diffusion of innovations in globally stable Walrasian equilibrium

When all products in the economy are weak gross substitutes, preferences are homothetic, and firms face menu costs then all prices in an industry move together at the same rate. In the closed-loop Nash noncooperative equilibrium, all firms invest in productivity and reduce real prices. As a result, in the case of quadratic menu costs, the outputs of industries and the economy go up along S-shaped time paths characteristic of diffusion of innovations.     

The Borda rule,Condorcet consistency and Condorcet stability

Summary. The Borda rule is known to be the least vulnerable scoring rule to Condorcet inconsistency, Saari (2000). Such inconsistency occurs when the Condorcet winner (the alternative which is preferred to any other alternative by a simple majority) is not selected by the Borda rule. This note exposes the relationship between the Borda rule and the Condorcet q-majority principle as well as the Condorcet q-majority voting rule. The main result establishes that the Borda rule is Condorcet q-majority consistent when where k is the number of alternatives. The second result establishes that is the minimal degree of majority decisiveness corresponding to the Borda rule under sincere voting. The same majority is required to ensure decisiveness under the Borda rule and to ensure that a q-rule (the generalized q-majority Condorcet rule) is a voting rule. Received: April 8, 2002; revised version: July 17, 2002 Correspondence to:S. Nitzan     

基于互惠合作的供应链合作关系稳定机制研究

首先应用强化学习算法对供应链合作关系的稳定机制进行研究;其次从生物学的角度研究了供应链合作关系中的互惠利他合作行为;最后利用计算机进行了系统仿真.研究得出：只要供应链合作关系中存在互惠利他型的企业,不管其所占的比重有多大,该企业都会通过强化学习使得互惠利他行为在供应链中扩散开来,最终达到企业间合作的一种稳定状态.     

收入差距、位置消费与社会稳定

适度、合理的收入差距,不仅是激励人们竞争,促进发展的重要务件,也是位置消费产生的基本条件;但过分悬殊的收入差距则不仅会影响人们的社会心理,不利于提高有效消费,而且可能产生畸形的位置消费行为,甚至会因此影响社会的稳定.在分析和研究目前收入分配问题时,应当从位置消费的新视角研究它们对社会稳定的影响.研究位置消费有利于我们从人们相互比较的满意度中观察改革的效果,权衡各项利弊得失,并及时地采取微调措施,尽可能地减少改革的摩擦和阻力.     

论政府审计与独立审计关系的厘定

为了明确并充分履行政府审计职责,政府审计机关应当正确处理与独立审计之间四方面的关系:审计业务的委托与被委托关系,政府审计不应当把自己职责范围内的审计业务委托给独立审计组织去做;审计质量的监督与被监督关系,政府审计不应当对独立审计质量进行监督;审计成果的相互利用关系,政府审计应当正确利用独立审计成果;审计职责范围的划分,政府审计不应当与独立审计组织进行联合审计,而应当合理划分各自对国有控股企业的审计职责.     

How to reform China’s fiscal system?

ABSTRACT

As the population aging, China’s government expenditures, including general fiscal expenditure, healthcare and social security expenditure, will grow more rapidly than government revenues, tending to elevate government debt. Local governments undertake overwhelming 85% of total general fiscal revenue and are responsible for healthcare and social security, and their debt has been growing. Fiscal reforms are imperative, including tax reforms, the structure of government spending reforms, social security reforms, healthcare reforms, local public finance reforms, and central and local government’s fiscal relationship reforms. This paper will explore the fiscal challenges China faces and discuss how to reform the fiscal system to cope with these challenges.