Counting carbon: historic emissions from fossil fuels,long-run measures of sustainable development and carbon debt

This article examines how to account for the welfare effects of carbon dioxide emissions, using the historical experiences of Britain and the USA from the onset of the industrial revolution to the present. While a single country might isolate itself from the detrimental effects of global warming in the short run, in the long all countries are unable to free ride. Thus, we support the use of a single global price for carbon dioxide emissions. The calculated price should decrease as we move back in time to take into account that carbon dioxide is a stock pollutant, and that one unit added to the present large stock is likely to cause more damage than a unit emitted under the lower concentration levels in the past. We incorporate the annual costs of British and US carbon emissions into genuine savings, and calculate the accumulated costs of their carbon dioxide emissions. Enlarging the scope and calculating the cumulative cost of carbon dioxide from the four largest emitters gives new insights into the question of who is responsible for climate change.     

Oil Crisis,Market Reforms,and Human Welfare： An Econometric Analysis of the Australian Economy

As an active trader in international crude oil and petroleum product markets, Australia＇s human welfare is affected by oil crisis and contagion from the perspectives of economic growth, income inequality, and environmental sustainability. This paper investigates the impacts of oil price shocks upon Australia＇s gross domestic product （GDP） growth, Gini coefficients, and carbon dioxide emissions per capita from 1970 to 2012 with yearly frequency. Hypotheses concerning whether Australia＇s economic immunity against oil crisis is affected after the deregulation of oil market and whether endogenous oil price shocks account for more variations in human welfare than exogenous oil price shocks are tested. The methodologies include a theoretic model and a series of econometric tests. For the short-run dynamics, oil price is integrated into the model both linearly and non-linearly. Oil price shocks are categorized into exogenous and endogenous shocks. The conclusions are that inflated oil prices exert mainly non-linear negative impacts upon human welfare indicators and exogenous shocks induce endogenous shocks through labor price, Consumer Price Index （CPI）, interest rate, and exchange rate. For the long-run equilibrium, non-linear shocks＇ effects decay more slowly than linear shocks and the impacts of endogenous shocks last longer than that of exogenous shocks. Finally, oil market policies are evaluated and proposed.     

大型工程移交管理中的组织与效率——对大亚湾核电工程和岭澳核电工程的案例研究

工程项目建设中的移交过程由于其阶段性和相对于项目进度关键里程碑的“隐蔽性”而往往不被重视,但它对工程项目的质量和今后营运业绩有潜在的非常重要的影响。本文以大亚湾核电站和岭澳核电站工程移交为例,应用组织行为理论和X效率理论,研究了大型工程移交管理中的组织与效率问题。案例研究结果表明,第一,工程移交的复杂性要求移交组织应当是一个能够进行良好沟通的、扁平化的网络型组织,并应当给予足够的授权,以高效率处理工作中的各类管理和技术问题,保证工程移交的进度和质量;第二,良好的信息管理系统的应用、必要的协调会议是解决沟通问题的良好途径,而良好的企业文化、管理理念是保证良好沟通的关键;第三,工作过程的设计必须以提高效率和质量为原则,并要努力发现影响效率和质量的主要方面,进行持续改进;第四,由于工程的阶段性,普遍存在一种“退出效应”,特别是在工程后期这种效应更加突出,必须充分加以重视。     

我国钛白粉工业的现状与发展

介绍了世界钛白生产的现状,重点对国内硫酸法和氯化法钛白的发展过程、生产现状、生产能力、进出口状况、项目扩改及新建情况进行了介绍,通过对目前国内钛白装置存在的问题的分析,对中国钛白行业今后的发展进行了展望.     

光环境功能区域划分及管理初探

Light pollution becomes more and more serious, butt he s tudyon this field is far from enough. ln this paper, light enyironment is defined as light-free area, dark area, intermediate sight area, and bright area In addition, it is marked with index walue by index system, which includes average brightness, brightness evenness, glare index, and background brightness.     

立足全球 保障资源需求

在全球经济一体化的形势下,为保障我国矿产资源的供应,必须实施全球资源战略.文章分析了我国矿产资源状况及我国对矿产资源的需求,并就实施战略资源储备,介绍了一些国家的具体办法,提出了若干对策和举措.     

九州硅岛的发展与日本产业集群计划

美国硅谷的成功,促使许多国家纷纷进行效仿。九州硅岛很早就致力于产业集群的实践,21世纪初,日本进一步明确地提出了在全国范围内实施产业集群计划,其经验对我国实施产业集群战略具有一定的借鉴意义。     

气相色谱法测定矿物岩石中二氧化碳的研究

本文以磷酸为溶剂，采用一种新的装置溶解矿物岩石样品，气相色谱法测定二氧化碳。测定的碳酸盐标样和硅酸盐标样中的二氧化碳的相对误差分别为０．２％和－４７％；相对标准偏差分别为１．０％和３．３％。该法简单、快速，不仅适于测定矿物岩石中低含量二氧化碳，也可以测定高含量二氧化碳。     

钛白废酸回收技术研究

通过臭氧氧化技术将钛白废酸中的Fe2 氧化成Fe3 ,再用萃取法除去Fe3 。考察了络合剂(盐酸)浓度、萃取剂、萃取相比和多级错流萃取级数等对Fe3 萃取率的影响,初步探索了反萃法回收萃取剂及萃取剂的循环利用。结果表明,当盐酸浓度为3.4～4.0mol/L时,几乎可完全络合溶液中的Fe3 ,Fe3 的萃取率随相比(O/W)的增加而增大,萃取级数愈多萃取效果愈好。O/W=1∶1的单级萃取与总相比O/W=0.5∶1的四级错流萃取率接近。当反萃相比(W/O)=1.5∶1时,Fe3 的反萃率达97%,萃取剂经过6次萃取—反萃循环后,Fe3 的萃取率没有明显下降。去除Fe3 后的钛白废酸,经蒸馏浓缩到70%左右,再与浓硫酸混合后可用于钛白粉的生产,蒸馏过程中得到的盐酸循环使用,反萃出来的Fe3 可作为生产铁红的原料。     

Trade Liberalization and Pollution: An Input–Output Study of Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Mexico

This paper examines the environmental effects associated with Mexico's participation in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The objective is to provide quantitative estimates of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from changes in the level and structure of production and consumption activity in Mexico following a liberalization of trade. The quantitative analysis was performed using input–output methods with fuel use modifications to account for CO₂ emissions before and after NAFTA's implementation. As a result of NAFTA, CO₂ emissions are expected to increase from the anticipated increase in the size of the Mexican economy. While total emissions increase as a result of tariff elimination, there is also a shift in the structure of production and final consumption away from those sectors that are the most C02 intensive.