UNION–FIRM BARGAINING AGENDA REVISITED: WHEN UNIONS HAVE DISTINCT PREFERENCES

In this paper we revisit the issue of the scope of bargaining between firms and unions by considering a more general union's utility function with distinct preferences and sequential negotiations. First, we compare exogenously given labour market institutions; i.e., right‐to‐manage (RTM) and sequential efficient bargaining (SEB). We show that the conventional wisdom, which states that firms always prefer RTM, no longer holds. In fact, when unions are adequately wage aggressive and have strong enough bargaining power, firms may prefer SEB negotiations; however, firms switch their preference to RTM when unions are very strong. Moreover, we show that a conflict of interest between the parties may emerge when unions are sufficiently employment oriented as well as sufficiently wage aggressive and not too strong or too weak in bargaining. Second, we analyse the endogenous choice of the bargaining agenda. We show that a rich plethora of equilibria may occur and new situations of conflict/agreement of interests between the bargaining parties arise in particular when unions are sufficiently wage‐aggressive.     

Privatisation and vertical integration under a mixed duopoly

This paper analyses the privatisation of public firms when private firms may be vertically integrated with their suppliers. We consider a mixed duopoly with a vertically integrated public firm. The private firm bargains the price of the input with its supplier if they are not vertically integrated. We find that for a given bargaining power of the private firm, it vertically integrates with its supplier if goods are weak substitutes. We also find that there is less vertical integration in the mixed duopoly than in the private duopoly. Finally, in general, the public firm is privatised when goods are close substitutes and the bargaining power of the private firm is low enough.     

Market share dynamics in a duopoly model with word-of-mouth communication

We analyze dynamic price competition in a homogeneous goods duopoly, where consumers exchange information via word-of-mouth communication. A fraction of consumers, who do not learn any new information, remain locked-in at their previous supplier in each period. We analyze Markov perfect equilibria in which firms use mixed pricing strategies. Market share dynamics are driven by the endogenous price dispersion. Depending on the parameters, we obtain different ‘classes’ of dynamics. When firms are impatient, there is a tendency towards equal market shares. When firms are patient, there are extended intervals of market dominance, interrupted by sudden changes in the leadership position.     

Intellectual property pricing under asymmetric duopoly

Patent price is the key for intellectual property (IP) trade and IP financing. By duopoly model, this article develops the theory of patent price. First, patent increases consumer surplus. Second, the firm with higher marginal costs prices patent higher than others. Finally, the firm with higher marginal costs prices patent higher under Stackelberg situation than that under Cournot cases.     

主从式二级供应链中的产品服务承担问题

产品服务已成为企业获取市场竞争优势的有力武器。文章以企业利润最大化为出发点。运用Stackelberg博弈方法和微观经济理论,研究了单制造商单零售商的主从式二级供应链中产品服务承担方式的选择问题。分析结果表明,产品服务由制造商还是零售商承担这一决策与零售商和制造商的服务成本系数比值n密切相关。     

双寡头企业产量竞争的均衡质量安全水平研究——以受规制的食品企业为例

在双寡头企业产量竞争的基本模型基础上,考虑了政府规制水平的影响,分析了生产高、低质量安全水平的两个食品企业分别在古诺和斯塔克尔伯格博弈模型中的均衡质量水平及其相互关系,结果揭示了不同模型中两个企业的最优质量安全水平之间的关系及其均衡点。在斯塔克尔伯格模型中,以生产高质量安全水平产品的企业为产量领导者时,其产品质量安全水平、价格、产量和利润远高于追随企业;两个企业的均衡质量安全水平、价格和产量都随着政府相关部门规制水平的提高而上升。     

政府补贴下的以旧换新策略研究

文章通过构建政府与零售商的博弈模型,对以旧换新策略进行了全面的探讨。首先,从经济与环境两个方面来分析以旧换新政策的效果,包括零售商的利润、社会总耗能以及社会总效益。其次,重点分析地域区别、产品类型、人员素质等因素对以旧换新策略的影响。结果显示,只要人员素质能够保持在一定的水平之内,以旧换新策略就能够实现共赢。政府需要根据地区发展程度、产品类型以及人员素质等因素来采取不同的以旧换新策略。     

基于Stackelberg博弈理论下风险偏好对可持续供应链风险协调策略

针对中美贸易摩擦下供需双方需求波动现状,考虑顾客风险型偏好因素对可持续供应链利润分配的影响,采用Stackelberg博弈理论,建立可持续供应链协同的集中决策模型和分散决策模型,通过数值模拟,对比分析风险偏好对绿色供应链和非绿色供应链的影响,使利润决策达到帕累托最优。结果表明：顾客风险型偏好有助于在环境动荡下选择信息共享机制远远超过了信息不共享策略所带来的利润;在动荡的社会背景下,风险偏好型决策者更愿意选择绿色供应链产品来满足自己的需求。该研究为可持续供应链风险韧性机理和演化过程提供理论支撑与方法借签。     

一个具有双寡头垄断性质的三边贸易模型——以石油市场为例的国家福利实验模拟分析

中国作为大宗商品的国际大买家,争取国际定价权已经成为再也无法回避的问题.有鉴于此出,文章以石油为例,着重探讨石油定价战略选择的经济学机理,在一个具有双寡头垄断性质的三边贸易体系中,对OPEC和非OPEC石油输出国之间的博弈进行了一般均衡分析.根据模型设定参数及实验模拟发现,在Cournot双寡头垄断下,国家M的福利水平增加32.4%,而国家F的福利水平却下降0.8%.由此作出的解释是:与M相反,F是石油净进口国家,高油价和商品y较低的相对价格所产生的负面效应要大于闲暇带来的正面效应.此时,整个社会福利下降0.7%.石油在消费者效用函数中的权重较小时,石油生产的一个负向冲击对福利损失的影响非常有限.在F和M的纯策略集合{双寡头垄断,完全竞争,不生产石油}中,存在唯一的纳什均衡{完全竞争,完全竞争},这使得国家H和F从中获益.模型给人的启示是,除了尽快完善国家石油战略储备体系外,中国应积极参与到石油定价权的争夺中,改变目前完全被动承受油价变动影响的不利地位.