产权与信用:博弈中的原初逻辑

产权是有限理性的自利的人们在长期的博弈过程中内生出来的结果。产权自我维持的私人治理说明信用的产生是尊重并保护产权的结果。从某种原初状态出发,在漫长的历史演化过程中,经济人在相互生存竞争和博弈过程中自发地形成了产权关系,这一过程中信用也相伴而生。事实和逻辑都证明了产权的确立是信用产生的前提,产权明晰对信用具有强化作用。     

旅行社信用缺失及其控制:基于博弈理论的分析

近几年来,我国一些旅行社存在严重的信用缺失问题。通过利用博弈论的相关知识对旅行社诚信行为选择进行博弈分析,提出了有效抑制旅行社信用缺失的相关措施:引入对监管部门的奖励机制,充分调动监管部门的积极性,激励监管部门积极实施严监管;引入对监管部门的处罚机制,提高旅行社监管部门的责任意识;对失职监管部门加大处罚力度,来保证监管效果的实现;建立健全信用的奖惩机制,加大旅行社的失信成本。     

Preparations for Olympic Games

ⅠVenues 1.The completion of the Water Cube On January 28th,2008,after the construction of over four years,one of the symbolic architectures of Beijing Olympic—National Center of Swimming （The Water Cube）was completed and has been put into use.During the period from 31st of January to 5th of February, the first testing game was held in the Water Cube—China Swim Open,2008. After the Olympic Game,11 thousand temporary seats will be removed from the 4-storeyed Water Cube,which will become a water entertainment center for Beijing citizens.     

Stakeholder’s Preference and Rational Compliance: A Comment on Sacconi’s “CSR as a Model for Extended Corporate Governance II: Compliance, Reputation and Reciprocity”

Lorenzo Sacconi’s recent re-statement of his social contract account of business ethics is a major contribution to our understanding of the normative nature of CSR as the expression of a fair multi-party agreement supported by the economic rationality of each participant. However, at one crucial point in his theory, Sacconi introduces the concept of stakeholders’ conformist preferences – their disposition to punish the firm if it defects from the agreement, refusing to abide by its own explicit CSR policies and norms. We take issue with him over this concept: we show that the assumption of conformist preferences is a moral premise, and it arguably weakens the normativity of the theory as a whole. As an alternative, we propose an evolutionary game theoretic approach. We draw upon recent applications of evolutionary game theory to moral philosophy (Skyrms, Danielson), and we use a computer simulation of the trust game. According to this approach, the failure of the logic of reputation, which is the problem conformist preferences were introduced to solve, is overcome through the dynamics of interaction.     

基于面板数据的地方税收与经济差异性研究

由于地方政府与中央政府博弈造成的效率损失,名义税负与实际税负的错位使得地方税收的主体税种对地方经济的影响各异。营业税对地方经济发展有较强的正效应,而企业所得税则对地方经济增长产生了抑制作用,且在三大区域存在不同的效应。     

Truthfulness and Business

According to a common assumption, truthfulness cannot have an intrinsic value in business. Instead, it is considered only instrumentally valuable for business, because it contributes to successful trust-building. Some authors deny truthfulness even this limited role by claiming that truth-telling is not an essential part of business, which is a sui generis practice like poker. In this article, I argue that truthfulness has indeed an intrinsic value in business and identify the conceptual confusions underlying the opposite view. My account of truthfulness as a virtue shows that truthfulness is both valuable for its own sake and instrumental to further valuable goals. It helps pinpoint the implicit contradiction in claiming that truthfulness has an instrumental value only. I then challenge the reasons for considering business exempt from the constraints of truthfulness and elaborate on the analogy between game and business, which in fact supports instead of undermining my claim that business is a truthful practice. Finally, I illustrate my argument with a case study of the current crisis of trust faced by the pharmaceutical industry. Lubomira Radoilska, PhD., is an Affiliated Lecturer at the Faculty of Philosophy, Cambridge University and a Research Fellow at Clare Hall, Cambridge. Dr Radoilska received her Masters degree in Philosophy from Sofia University and her MPhil and Doctorate from Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris. Her research interests fall within the scope of moral philosophy. She has published articles on both theoretical and applied topics.     

供应链合作及供应商创新投资比较研究

供应链合约能够影响成员的创新投资决策,从而影响供应链整体绩效。当合约用来促进供应链上下游企业间交易并且供应商从事成本降低投资时,通过对供应链合作进行博弈分析,得出不同合约下的供应商创新投资结果及相关结论,同时通过两种合约的比较探讨其适用条件。     

基于微分博弈理论的广告竞争研究综述

在详细地阐述近四十年来微分博弈框架下的广告竞争研究的基础上,介绍了微分博弈理论的基本框架和常见的三种微分博弈模型以及寡头竞争条件下的三种扩展形式,并对这些模型的实证研究进行了回顾。最后,简要地评述了这些研究成果,指出了这一研究领域当前面临的困难和未来可能的研究方向。     

基于产业博弈视角的国际贸易摩擦分析

世界各国产业结构在形成整体性演进中,在具有重要战略意义的农业及高利润产业,呈现了动态上同构的加速趋势.产业结构的同构引发了市场上的激烈竞争,致使各国之间的国际贸易摩擦风起云涌.解决国际贸易摩擦最好的办法就是在全球范围内构建结构互补、水平分工与垂直分工交织并存的国际分工网络体系.     

Two simple proofs of the feasibility of the linear tracing procedure

Summary. Theories of equilibrium selection in non-cooperative games, as well as the notion of risk dominance, depend heavily on the so-called linear tracing procedure. This is the first paper to give direct, simple proofs of the feasibility of the linear tracing procedure. The first proof utilizes a result that is related to Kakutani's fixed point theorem and that is an extension of Browder's fixed point theorem. The second proof shows that it is even possible to avoid the use of correspondences. Received: June 8, 1998; revised version: November 8, 1998