雷达液位仪在油品储罐液位计量上的应用

油品储罐液位是油品集输工艺的重要参数之一。采用人工检尺等接触式方法测量液位，存在种种弊端，非接触式雷达液位仪可以解决液位测量中误差大，不安全等问题。结合我厂油罐液位测量方法的发展历程，重点介绍了雷达液位仪的原理及技术特点，以及其安装，调试，使用过程中存在和需要解决的一些问题。     

基于多损伤感知的全光网络RWA算法研究

全光网络中如何规避物理层损伤实现光信号高质量传输是一个关键问题,本文在构建多约束OSNR模型的基础上,提出了一种基于分层图的多损伤感知MIA-RWA算法,仿真结果表明,MIA-RWA算法能获得较低的阻塞率,有效改善网络的传输质量。     

An inventory-based simulation model for annual-to-daily temporal freight assignment

In the aggregate freight demand modeling literature, temporal assignment (annual to daily flows) is often oversimplified or neglected altogether. Unlike passenger flows, freight flows over the course of a year are not uniform and can vary significantly as the result of trade-offs between inventory and transportation cost management. We introduce the first temporal assignment model that explicitly considers these trade-offs for aggregate freight forecasting. A two-stage model is proposed that first decomposes aggregate annual zonal flows to firm group annual flows using a supply chain network model, which are then temporally assigned by simulating purchase order transactions throughout supply chains. Lot sizes are estimated with an Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model and calibrated with monthly inventory data. The result is an aggregate-disaggregate-aggregate model that fits into aggregate freight forecasting models but makes use of more disaggregate logistical data. The model is illustrated with a simple replicable example, followed by a case study conducted with California statewide data to break out the distributed zonal flows into average daily volumes for network assignment. Calibration results using 2007 IMPLAN data showed a median percentage difference of simulated annual flows from FAF³ data of 2.38%, and a median percentage difference of simulated inventories from IMPLAN data of 4.85%, which suggests an excellent fit. Empirical validation results showed the model outperforms fixed factor approaches in mean value accuracy by 15–31%.     

Urban bus fleet-to-route assignment for pollutant emissions minimization

This study proposes a methodology to optimize the assignment of an urban bus fleet to a set of fixed routes, taking into account the differences among routes and the differences among vehicle types and propulsion technologies in order to reduce pollutant emissions (CO₂, CO, THC, NO_x and PM). A Mixed Integer Linear Programming optimization model is stated and two scenarios are assessed: minimization of CO₂ and NO_x. The results show that it is feasible to obtain a fleet distribution in which emissions for any given pollutant are reduced without increase in emissions of other pollutants.     

A robust optimization approach to the integrated berth allocation and quay crane assignment problem

This paper investigates the integrated berth allocation and quay crane assignment problem in container terminals. A deterministic model is formulated by considering the setup time of quay cranes. However, data uncertainties widely exist, and it may cause the deterministic solution to be infeasible. To handle the uncertainties, a robust optimization model is established. Furthermore, to control the level of conservativeness, another robust optimization model with the price constraints is proposed. A genetic algorithm and an insertion heuristic algorithm are suggested to obtain near optimal solutions. Computational experiments indicate that the presented models and algorithms are effective to solve the problems.     

Integrated Berth Allocation and Quay Crane Assignment Problem: Set partitioning models and computational results

Most of the operational problems in container terminals are strongly interconnected. In this paper, we study the integrated Berth Allocation and Quay Crane Assignment Problem in seaport container terminals. We will extend the current state-of-the-art by proposing novel set partitioning models. To improve the performance of the set partitioning formulations, a number of variable reduction techniques are proposed. Furthermore, we analyze the effects of different discretization schemes and the impact of using a time-variant/invariant quay crane allocation policy. Computational experiments show that the proposed models significantly improve the benchmark solutions of the current state-of-art optimal approaches.     

欧盟能源相关产品（ErP）指令框架下空调用相变蓄冷材料生态效能提升研究

以白色家电代表空调为例,从ErP指令对空调产品的相关规定、ErP指令的执行方法、空调用相变蓄冷材料原理介绍及材料改进前后能效比较研究等几方面进行详细阐述,证实了纳米相变蓄冷材料具有广阔的利用前景,是实现家电产业转型升级的捷径之一。     

浅析城市住宅保障的机理与方法

首先通过埃奇沃思盒装图分析了房地产市场分配的不公平，接着运用效用论详细分析了城市住宅保障对房地产分配相对公平的维护机理，最后探讨了城市住宅保障的具体方法。     

Optimizing the spatial assignment of schools to reduce both inequality of educational opportunity and potential opposition rate through introducing random mechanism into proximity-based system

A serious spatial inequality of educational opportunity was revealed worldwide, for wealthy families can access good schools by buying real estate with good school' enrollment quota. Although the existing studies had revealed that random-based school assignment can significantly improve equality of opportunity allocation, random mechanism was adopted only in few places. Two major resistances of introducing random mechanism exist: the possibility of increased commuting distance to schools and the effected relative beneficiaries. In order to make the random-based allocation more feasible, this study proposes a spatial optimization model to take these two factors into account into proximity-based school assignment system. The proposed multi-objective allocation model, with the constraint conditions of assigning students to 3 closest schools and school capacities, was developed in this study to minimize the spatial disparity of educational opportunity and the potential opposition rate of introducing random mechanism into proximity-based assignment system. The model will be solved by a heuristic algorithm and applied to a case study area of Shijingshan District, Beijing. The results showed that the proposed model could improve spatial equality of educational opportunity significantly, but along with a minor increase on commuting distance to schools. In addition, potential opponents of introducing random mechanism decrease as the weight of parameters related to opposition rate increases in the model, reducing nearly 10% in the best case. Therefore, the solutions provided by proposed model may encounter less resistance in a democratic voting system. However, the results also indicated that there would be some relative beneficiaries who may oppose introducing random mechanism into proximity-based school system even in the best case. This implies that, to achieve equal educational opportunity in the context of proximity-based school system, optimized allocation is needed along with a more even distribution of educational resources.     

论公平分配的实现过程

公平分配的实现状况直接关系到和谐社会建设的成败,正确地认识公平分配的实现过程至关重要.现阶段,解决公平问题的重点在初次分配,而不是所谓的二次、三次分配.实现公平是一个渐进的过程,要分阶段按层面进行,不能一刀切,大体可以分为三个阶段、两个层面.由于涉及问题众多,涉及部门无数,每一个问题、每一个部门均有不同特点,所以解决分配问题要形式多样,没有固定的模式.