Knowledge sharing in China–UK higher education alliances

Knowledge sharing through cross-border strategic alliances has been seen by firms as one of the critical strategies to pursue sustainable competitive advantage. However, empirical investigations on how knowledge sharing occurs in strategic alliances are limited and are rarely concerned with strategic alliances in the higher education industry. Based on an empirical investigation of China–UK educational alliances, this research sheds light on this under explored area. Findings reveal that the scale of academic and organizational knowledge sharing is affected by knowledge attributes and partner characteristics. While knowledge sharing in China–UK higher education alliances displays numerous similarities with that occurring in other industries, this study reveals features that are distinct to this important and increasingly international sector. In so doing, this paper offers valuable insights for managers and policy makers concerned with the internationalization of higher education.     

The market for corporate subsidiaries in Japan: An empirical study of trades among listed firms

We investigate trades of wholly- or partially-owned subsidiaries between firms listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE) for the years 1996–2010, to explore the economic impact in terms of strategic refocusing, stock market valuation and performance effects. By pairing both sides to each deal, we show differences in firm characteristics, returns, and subsequent performance of buying and selling firms. Unlike mergers between whole firms, most subsidiary deals straddled different industries. Most sellers were larger, more diversified and less profitable than buyers. Our event study reveals that abnormal returns were positive for buyers yet insignificantly different from zero for sellers. However, subsidiary sales in the core business earned negative returns, the more so the larger the deal. An analysis of ex-post operating results shows that the performance of sellers often declined after the trade, in particular for firms that divested a core-related subsidiary. We conclude that subsidiary trades in Japan in this period contributed importantly to strategic repositioning and a more efficient use of corporate assets.     

Upfront versus rating contingent fees: Implications for rating quality

This paper theoretically investigates whether compensating a credit rating agency (CRA) with an upfront fee, rather than a rating contingent fee, can improve rating quality. I show that an upfront fee delivers the same rating quality as the rating contingent fee if the CRA sets its rating policy before the issuer solicits a rating, whereas it can potentially improve quality if the rating policy is set only after a rating is solicited. These results suggest that the “Franken Amendment” that has been removed from the Dodd-Frank Act might be crucial for the proposed upfront fee regime to improve rating quality.     

Cartel formation and managerial incentives

We study the formation of cartels within two different contexts. First, we consider internal–external stability based models which, due to firms’ free-riding incentives, lead to the inexistence of stable cartels. Second, we introduce the dynamic aspect of coalition formation. That is, when considering a cartel we consider also any cartel that can be reached through a succession of moves. Despite firms’ free-riding incentive, the dynamic process predicts that the collusion of the whole industry can occur with some regularity. We show that free-riding incentives decrease and incentives to merge increase when firms’ owner delegate production decisions to managers.      

战略联盟：房地产企业发展的必然趋势

战略联盟是不以产权为纽带的不同产权主体之间的企业合作。建立房地产企业战略联盟是房地产企业应对当前宏观调控的经营环境和市场形势、谋求可持续发展的战略选择。从目前的情况来看,中国房地产企业的战略联盟主要的推动力来源于企业独特的、不易被他人模仿的战略性资源和企业在区域市场或者特定价值链上的核心竞争力的差异性。房地产企业发展到一定程度,为了弥补自身在持续发展中的战略缺口,应通过与其他房地产企业在战略性资源与核心竞争力上的整合,以谋求更长远的发展。走战略联盟之路是房地产企业发展的必然趋势。本文从房地产企业建立战略联盟的内外因素、建立房地产企业战略联盟所需的战略性资源与核心能力、实现房地产企业战略联盟的路径、建立房地产企业战略联盟应把握的原则等方面,分析和阐述房地产企业建立战略联盟的思想。     

The GATT and gradualism

This paper shows how the institutional rules imposed on its signatories by the GATT created a strategic incentive for countries to liberalize gradually. Trade liberalization must be gradual, and free trade can never be achieved, if punishment for deviation from an agreement is limited to a ‘withdrawal of equivalent concessions’ and if initial deviation from an agreement is also limited. The paper shows how (sufficiently patient) countries have an incentive to deviate in a limited way when operating under GATT dispute settlement procedures.     

我国应重视商业银行会计管理和会计控制

本文分析了我国商业银行中会计管理和会计控制的现状,提出我国商业银行在"强化管理、规范经营、稳健发展"中应重视和强化商业银行会计管理与控制的迫切性.     

Investment and capital structure decisions with strategic debt service under asymmetric information

This paper examines the agency problem due to manager-shareholder conflicts in a real option framework by incorporating strategic debt service. We show that when the equityholders’ bargaining power is weak, the optimal coupon is larger and the manager overinvests the project relative to the case without renegotiation, while the results are totally opposite when the bargaining power is strong. An increase in equityholders’ bargaining power reduces the manager’s value and the total social value. Especially, the social value can be improved by debt renegotiation when the systematic risk is high, which provides an explanation why Chinese government encourage the market-oriented debt restructuring.     

创业企业如何通过资源配置模式与动态能力协奏实现战略转型

面临经济贸易全球化，创业企业如何协奏组织行为与组织能力、成功实现转型以应对剧烈变化的环境，已经成为战略理论研究的核心问题。选取蒙草生态为案例研究对象，通过探讨企业战略转型过程中资源配置模式与动态能力的相互作用，揭示资源配置模式与动态能力的演化进阶机制，剖析企业战略转型的内在机理过程。研究发现，①企业利用动态能力捕捉转型动因、促进企业形成与动因适配的资源配置模式，进而保证转型成功；②与各阶段动态能力适配的资源配置模式经历了资源转移内化-资源修补拓展-资源传衍共享的演化过程；③资源配置模式演进促进动态能力向感知能力-整合能力-学习能力-创新能力不断进阶，确保企业维持动态、可持续竞争优势。     

China’s local governments breaking the land use planning quota: A strategic interaction perspective

In China, the planning quota, i.e., the binding target of construction land (BTCL) in land use planning for 15 years (2006–2020), was exhausted within only 7 years, which represents a very serious problem. This result not only nullifies the meaning of the plan itself but also threatens China's food and ecological security and poses great challenges to sustainable development. Here, we develop an analysis framework for local governments that break the BTCL in view of the strategic interactions of transferring newly increased construction land (NCL) among local governments and perform an empirical analysis of data on 262 prefecture-level cities from 2007 to 2016. The two main conclusions are as follows. First, adjacent local governments engage in positive strategic interactions regarding the quantity of NCL transferred. Second, positive strategic interactions regarding the quantity of NCL transferred are important reasons why local governments break the planning quota. In addition, we find that better economic development corresponds to more obvious positive strategic interactions. We also find that fiscal incentives and land misallocation play a significant role in promoting the increase in NCL, while strengthening land law enforcement can effectively constrain the increase in NCL. This paper enriches the literature on the reasons for planning failures, extending the research perspective to the level of interaction effects among local governments, and this paper provides new evidence regarding the strategic interaction among Chinese local governments. Moreover, this paper provides an important new path for the central government to constrain urban land expansion and to control the behavior of local governments that break the planning quota.