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971.
Erkki K. Laitinen 《International Review of Financial Analysis》2006,15(3):256-286
The paper introduces a financial statement method to assess the future potential of a firm. First, the last strategic steady phase is identified. Second, growth rate for total expenditure is estimated (growth process). Third, the revenue generating potential of total expenditure is evaluated by a distributed lag function (revenue-generating process). This function is used to recalculate expenses and assets using alternative depreciation theories. Third, financial behavior is modeled by analyzing financial assets, taxation, interest expenses and revenues, and dividends (financial process). Fourth, these processes are used to assess the future potential. The method is illustrated by the case of Nokia for the period 1990-2000. 相似文献
972.
通过购电成本结构分析,指出了当前发电计划编制及执行中存在的问题和当前发电计划编制对电网购电费的影响。重点研究了有关降低电网购电成本的方法及实证,并为政府价格相关部门提出创建节能型社会的政策建议。 相似文献
973.
974.
975.
设计变更是工程变更的一部分内容,它关系到工程的进度、质量和投资控制。有效地对设计变更进行管理是确保工程质量和工期、控制工程造价的途径之一。在工程项目建设过程中需要加强设计变更的控制。从不同角度分析了设计变更出现的原因,提出应规范各参与单位的行为,提高变更管理水平。 相似文献
976.
This paper reports on the results of a survey and qualitative analysis on the teaching of ‘Basic Design’ in schools of design
and architecture located in 22 countries. In the context of this research work, Basic Design means the teaching and learning
of design fundamentals that may also be commonly referred to as the Principles of Two- and Three-dimensional Design. The body
of knowledge associated with Basic Design may be regarded as part of the general theory of teaching and learning design as
practiced in many design schools and which has its origins in the classical design schools such as the Bauhaus. In the author’s
perception and practice, the pedagogy of Basic Design promotes a holistic, creative and experimental methodology that develops
the learning style and cognitive abilities of students with respect to the fundamental principles of design. This includes
an understanding of the elements of shape, colour, texture, light, and rhythm in a manner complementary but usually unrelated
to the common design methods teaching approach. As is well known among design practitioners, including architects and industrial
designers, a deep understanding of the purpose of these fundamental design elements and principles is still relevant to contemporary
design practice. The main objective of the research described in this paper was to determine the status and development of
Basic Design pedagogy in a significant number of contemporary design schools. On the basis of the results of two surveys conducted
in 2001–2002, this paper will identify and illustrate interesting aspects concerning the programmes and organisation of courses
delivered by teachers of ‘Basic Design’. This work will also survey the viewpoints of Basic Design teachers in elementary
years of design courses and of those teaching design through projects during the subsequent years of the same courses. Interestingly,
the design project teachers surveyed in this research expressed a desire to be more involved in the teaching of Basic Design
fundamentals which indicates strongly that Basic Design principles are still relevant in contemporary design education terms
as they have ever been and that more research is needed in order to better understand and apply the related pedagogy. 相似文献
977.
What happens when educational ideas cross national and cultural borders? How do teachers respond to ideas originating in a different school system and a different national culture? This article reports on an empirical study investigating the transfer of ideas from Design &; Technology as a subject in England and Wales into Norwegian schools. A sample of teachers participating in a specific project on technology teaching inspired by this subject has been studied by means of interviews and classroom observation. Results of the study show that while some elements of Design &; Technology are adopted by the teachers, essential ideas of the subject are significantly transformed. Drawing on Barnes, (1992, Teachers and Teaching: From Classrooms to Reflection (pp. 9–32), The Falmer press, London) concept of teachers' professional frames for teaching, it is shown how specific aspects of the national and educational culture have had a considerable effect on?the teachers' interpretation of the nature of technology as a subject of teaching and its place in the curriculum. The study illustrates the importance of the cultural context in how educational ideas are interpreted, reshaped and realized in schools. 相似文献
978.
火电厂生产经营风险控制管理 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
对火电厂目前面临的主要生产经营风险及其特点进行了介绍,在此基础上,论述了进行风险控制的必要性,提出了火电厂生产经营风险控制的总体对策和具体应对方法。 相似文献
979.
Ignacio Rodríguez del Bosque Rodríguez Author Vitae 《Industrial Marketing Management》2006,35(6):666-675
The aim of this work is to examine the dimensions of satisfaction in manufacturer-distributor relationships as well as identifying the antecedents of both the economic and the non-economic dimensions of satisfaction. A literature review about satisfaction in marketing channels is followed by quantitative research into how this interchange process is perceived by food product distributors in their relationships with manufacturers. The results provide strong support for the impact of communication, trust and commitment on satisfaction, as well as the interrelationships among the economic and the non-economic dimensions of satisfaction. Theoretical and managerial implications are extracted from these findings. 相似文献
980.
Gopalkrishnan R. Iyer Author Vitae Arun Sharma Author Vitae Heiner Evanschitzky Author Vitae 《Industrial Marketing Management》2006,35(5):611-620
The present paper examines the issue of whether interpersonal relationships are critical for global marketing of industrial products. The fields of relationship marketing, IMP group research, sales research, and network theory have stressed the importance of interpersonal relationships in the business-to-business or industrial marketing context. In contrast to this emphasis on interpersonal relationships, we argue that industrial firms can both conceive and enhance marketing strategies based on developing high quality and consistent processes, products, services or outcomes (consistent processes and outcomes). Such strategies are especially important given the fact that developing interpersonal relationships is expensive due to their reliance on frequent and/or face-to-face communications. In this paper, we examine industry and country contexts that lead to the choice of alternative industrial product marketing strategies and highlight some future research directions and managerial implications. 相似文献