A hybrid DEA-MOLP model for public school assessment and closure decision in the City of Philadelphia

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is generally used to evaluate past performance and multi objective linear programming (MOLP) is often used to plan for future performance goals. In this study, we establish an equivalence relationship between MOLP problems and combined-oriented DEA models using a direction distance function designed to account for desirable and undesirable inputs and outputs together with uncontrollable variables. This equivalence model can be effectively used to support interactive processes and performance measures designed to establish future performance goals while taking into account the preferences of decision makers (DMs). In particular, it allows DMs to consider different efficiency improvement strategies when subject to budgetary restrictions. The applicability of the proposed method and the efficacy of the procedures and algorithms are demonstrated using a case study where the performance of high schools in the City of Philadelphia is evaluated.     

Assessing the efficiency of Turkish secondary education: Heterogeneity, centralization, and scale diseconomies

This paper begins with a historical overview of the Turkish educational system. We then use Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and econometric methods to evaluate the system's efficiency. In doing so we identify scale diseconomies and relate them to underlying structural characteristics of the system. Selected suggestions on improving performance are offered. The roles of heterogeneity and centralization are also highlighted. Heterogeneity is modeled as an undesirable measure. The linkage between indicators of centralization and scale diseconomies was found to be statistically significant. The authors believe this to be the first study that investigates the impact of systemic characteristics such as heterogeneity and centralized structure on educational outcomes for Turkey. Since the country straddles the Middle East and the Balkans, culturally as well as geographically, it may be of interest to other countries in the region.     

基于C~2GS~2模型的甘肃民营企业科技投入产出实证分析

文章以甘肃省具有代表性的10家民营企业为研究对象,运用C2GS2模型,对其科技投入产出状况进行了实证分析。研究发现,甘肃省民营企业总体科技资源的投入配置没有达到最优化,应提升科技投入产出规模效益,提高科技投入产出效率,使企业形成具有核心竞争力的技术资产。     

CNG2020 strategy and airline efficiency: A Network Epsilon-Based Measure with managerial disposability

In this paper, we analyze the impacts of CNG2020 strategy on the efficiency of 29 international airlines during 2021–2023. Predictions are made through neural networks based on the empirical data from 2008 to 2015. Following the principle of CNG2020 strategy, we calculate the emission limit for each airline. Then we propose a new model, Network Epsilon-Based Measure with managerial disposability, to discuss the difference in efficiency of the airlines when the CNG2020 strategy is considered. The main findings are: (1) For most of these 29 airlines, the CNG2020 strategy has little influence on their efficiency. (2) The efficiency has little variation under the following conditions: when the carbon price is 8 $/ton CO₂-eq, when the price is 14 $/ton CO₂-eq, and when the price is 20 $/ton CO₂-eq. (3) Scandinavian is identified as the benchmarking airline.     

Productivity growth and environmental regulations - accounting for undesirable outputs: Analysis of China's thirty provincial regions using the Malmquist-Luenberger index

This paper employs the Malmquist-Luenberger (ML) productivity index to evaluate China's growth in total factor productivity (TFP), incorporating undesirable outputs, during the period from 1989 to 2008. The ML productivity index and its components (technical and efficiency changes) are derived from the directional distance function which gives credit for an increase in good outputs and for reductions in undesirable outputs. The average annual ML productivity growth, accounting for undesirable outputs, is 2.46%, whereas the value of the traditional Malmquist productivity index is 4.84%, showing that the true TFP growth in China is overestimated if undesirable outputs are ignored. We explore the strictness in enforcing environmental regulations and its impact on improvements in ML productivity. The results show that, the enforcement of environmental regulations in China is, in general, far below the levels achieved in the best performing regions, and that the more stringent enforcement of environmental regulations would help to improve ML productivity growth in China.     

Incorporating Price-Induced Innovation in a Symmetric Generalised McFadden Cost Function with Several Outputs

This paper proposes a multiple-output Symmetric Generalised McFadden (SGM) cost function, incorporating both exogenous and endogenous technological change. Whilst exogenous technological change is captured by the usual time trend, endogenous or price-induced technological change is cast within a partial-adjustment framework involving lagged input prices. The study points to various dimensions or components of technological change, and allows to disentangle pure factor substitution, given the state of the technology, from factor substitution due to price-induced changes in technology. Under the conditions of non-jointness in input quantities, the model further allows to identify technological change biases for each output separately. An empirical application is presented in which the proposed model is applied to time-series data on the feed manufacturing industry in Belgium. To improve on the econometrics, the SGM cost function also incorporates linear splines.     

茂名地区科技投入产出案例分析

分析一个地区的科技投入与科技成果产出之间的关系,能客观地反映该地区的科技发展现状。文章通过对茂名市2005—2011年度科技活动人员、经费投入支出、科技成果产出等的统计分析,探讨了茂名市这6年间在科技发展方面的情况及存在的问题,并提出解决问题的几点建议。     

基于环境污染的中国全要素能源效率研究

本文运用1995—2006年中国28个省区市际面板数据,选取基于投入导向的规模报酬不变超效率DEA模型,测算出包含非合意性产出环境污染的中国省际全要素能源效率,检验了中国和分区域全要素能源效率的收敛情况,并基于经济结构和能源因素视角,采用Tobit模型分析了中国和分区域的全要素能源效率的影响因素。研究表明:全要素能源效率同产业结构、产权结构、能源消费结构以及资源禀赋变量呈显著的负相关,与能源价格因素呈弱正相关关系。     

资源、环境与农业发展的协调性——基于环境规制的省级农业环境效率排名

论文在采用单元调查评估法对中国农业分省污染排放量进行核算的基础上,应用考虑非合意产出的非径向、非角度SBM方向性距离函数模型对1979~2008年环境规制条件下分省农业技术效率进行实证评价,综合考察转型期各省农业发展与资源、环境的协调性程度。环境问题在很大程度上仍然是一个发展问题,在资源、环境的刚性约束下,加快转变农业发展方式已经刻不容缓。     

农业生态效率评价及提升路径研究——基于山东省17个地级市的实证分析

将农业碳排放和农业面源污染作为非期望产出纳入评价体系,采用包含非期望产出的SBM模型测度2000—2017年山东省17个地级市的农业生态效率,利用ArcGIS技术和莫兰指数展现农业生态效率的空间分布特征,并运用冗余率剖析效率损失原因,提出针对性改进建议。研究发现:(1)山东省农业生态效率整体较高但地区差异明显,济南、烟台处于效率有效状态,其余各市处于非有效状态。从历年趋势看,农业生态效率均值在研究期内呈现缓慢下降态势,2013—2017年稳定在中等效率水平。(2)从空间特征来看,山东省农业生态效率呈现正的空间相关性,总体上“低—低”集聚型和“低—高”集聚型地区偏多,中部和东部沿海地区为两个高效率集团。(3)从生态效率损失原因来看,农药投入、劳动力投入和农业面源污染物排放是主要原因。此外,不同地区效率损失的具体原因也存在差异。因此,要想获得生态效率的提升,有必要从生产要素投入和污染物排放两方面进行管控和改善,探索建立跨区域的农业生态化发展合作机制。