Reaggregation and firm-level inference in multiplant technologies

We examine conditions under which plant-level data can be used to make firm-level inferences about technology, supply, and demand. Global conditions for such reaggregation involve nonjointness restrictions in both the plant and product dimensions. In the neighborhood of the firm’s fixed overheads, however, restrictions may be eased by appealing to a multiplant generalization of Kohli’s notion of almost nonjointness, which we term “almost reaggregation.” While global conditions for almost reaggregation are the same as for full reaggregation, the local conditions outlined are more easily satisfied. Analysts thus are less likely to commit reaggregation bias when firm-level overheads are constant, and can take advantage of this conclusion through judicious model design.      

基于灰关联优化模型的科技产出研究

科技产出是指科学研究与技术创新活动所产生的各种形式的成果,是科技投入效率的直接反映,也是衡量城市科技发展水平与绩效的重要标准之一。基于灰关联相关理论,运用主客观组合赋权方法,构建了灰关联优化模型,并通过选取的12个关键指标对我国15个副省级城市进行了科技产出的综合评价研究。     

Incorporating Price-Induced Innovation in a Symmetric Generalised McFadden Cost Function with Several Outputs

This paper proposes a multiple-output Symmetric Generalised McFadden (SGM) cost function, incorporating both exogenous and endogenous technological change. Whilst exogenous technological change is captured by the usual time trend, endogenous or price-induced technological change is cast within a partial-adjustment framework involving lagged input prices. The study points to various dimensions or components of technological change, and allows to disentangle pure factor substitution, given the state of the technology, from factor substitution due to price-induced changes in technology. Under the conditions of non-jointness in input quantities, the model further allows to identify technological change biases for each output separately. An empirical application is presented in which the proposed model is applied to time-series data on the feed manufacturing industry in Belgium. To improve on the econometrics, the SGM cost function also incorporates linear splines.     

农业生态效率评价及提升路径研究——基于山东省17个地级市的实证分析

将农业碳排放和农业面源污染作为非期望产出纳入评价体系,采用包含非期望产出的SBM模型测度2000—2017年山东省17个地级市的农业生态效率,利用ArcGIS技术和莫兰指数展现农业生态效率的空间分布特征,并运用冗余率剖析效率损失原因,提出针对性改进建议。研究发现:(1)山东省农业生态效率整体较高但地区差异明显,济南、烟台处于效率有效状态,其余各市处于非有效状态。从历年趋势看,农业生态效率均值在研究期内呈现缓慢下降态势,2013—2017年稳定在中等效率水平。(2)从空间特征来看,山东省农业生态效率呈现正的空间相关性,总体上“低—低”集聚型和“低—高”集聚型地区偏多,中部和东部沿海地区为两个高效率集团。(3)从生态效率损失原因来看,农药投入、劳动力投入和农业面源污染物排放是主要原因。此外,不同地区效率损失的具体原因也存在差异。因此,要想获得生态效率的提升,有必要从生产要素投入和污染物排放两方面进行管控和改善,探索建立跨区域的农业生态化发展合作机制。     

我国专利产出与经济增长的协整关系研究

本文选取1987~2004年时间序列数据,对我国专利产出和经济增长之间的关系进行了实证研究。结果表明:专利产出和GDP之间存在协整关系,协整系数为0.311433;二者在10%水平上具有Granger双向因果关系。VAR分析结果表明:经济增长对专利产出的影响强度相对较大,专利产出对经济增长的影响强度相对较小,这主要是由我国的科技管理体制以及技术市场不健全造成的。目前,我国需要进一步深化科技体制改革,尤其是要加强官产学研之间的合作。     

资源、环境与农业发展的协调性——基于环境规制的省级农业环境效率排名

论文在采用单元调查评估法对中国农业分省污染排放量进行核算的基础上,应用考虑非合意产出的非径向、非角度SBM方向性距离函数模型对1979~2008年环境规制条件下分省农业技术效率进行实证评价,综合考察转型期各省农业发展与资源、环境的协调性程度。环境问题在很大程度上仍然是一个发展问题,在资源、环境的刚性约束下,加快转变农业发展方式已经刻不容缓。     

Human resource management systems and organizational performance: a test of a mediating model in the Greek manufacturing context

This paper investigates the relationship between systems of HRM policies and organizational performance. The research is based on a sample of 178 organizations operating in the Greek manufacturing sector. A mediation model is tested to examine the link between HRM and organizational performance. The results of this study support the hypothesis that the relationship between the HRM systems of resourcing–development and reward–relations, and organizational performance, is mediated through the HRM outcomes of skills and attitudes. The paper not only supports the theory that HRM systems have a positive impact on organizational performance but also explains the mechanisms through which HRM systems improve organizational performance.     

Efficiency and Environmental Regulation

This paper proposes an extension of the enhancedefficiency indices of Färe, Grosskopf, Lovell andPasurka (1989) that considers undesirable outputsasymmetrically by assuming that firms can freelydispose of some undesirable productions, but areduction of other bad outputs generates a cost interms of desirable outputs. This methodologicalapproach is used to analyse the relative efficiency ofa sample of Spanish producers of wooden goods andfurnishings whose production process generates fourdifferent wastes. We obtain efficiency indices thatserve to measure the impact on firm performance inseveral scenarios related to environmental regulationsaimed to reduce the production of wastes. Whenenvironmental regulations are assumed, it is foundthat firms would have to sacrifice important amountsof potential desirable output in order to reallocateinputs into waste reduction. Secondly, we find thatfirms associated with a Technological Institute aswell as firms located at a marshallian type industrialdistrict are likely to be less affected byregulations.     

农用地分等成果在土地利用总体规划中的应用探讨

研究目的:研究农用地分等成果在土地利用总体规划中的应用。研究方法:剖析农用地分等过程及其产生的各种成果的内涵,根据土地利用总体规划内容,找出可应用的农用地分等成果。研究结果:综合运用tαj、jβ、CL值和调查得到的二级区作物最高产量,建立它们之间的关系模型,用来计算耕地的粮食生产能力。自然质量等指数和自然质量分既可用于划定耕地与基本农田保护区,也可应用于耕地占补平衡规划,用于后备土地资源开发和现有低产耕地的改造或整理。     

中国的节能政策有效吗？——基于SFA Bayes分析框架的生态全要素能源效率测定

鉴于单位GDP能耗指标的片面性和基于DEA SBM分析框架测算的生态全要素能源效率的纵向不可比性,本文提出了测算结果具有纵向可比性并且将非期望产出考虑在内的SFA Bayes分析框架。基于2000—2013年中国省级面板数据的实证结果发现：中国生态全要素能源效率（ETFEE）较低,样本期间均值在0.60左右,东部地区高于中部和西部地区。从纵向发展来看,样本期间中部和西部的技术创新速度快于东部;从整体来看,ETFEE虽然有所提高,但是非常缓慢,样本期间只提高了0.02左右,这说明中国的节能政策效果并不明显。从影响ETFEE的因素来看,区位因素的影响程度要高于产业结构因素,其他条件相同时,东部地区的ETFEE最高,第三产业的ETFEE高于其他产业。