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Self-sufficiency in wheat has been one of the major goals of Iranian agricultural policies since the Revolution of 1979. Even so, the country failed to achieve this goal by the early 2000s, despite a satisfactory growth in wheat production. This paper addresses this failure and the political difficulties in introducing reforms that would reduce the need for import. First, the production and consumption of wheat are examined. The conclusion is that the cheap-bread policy has mainly been responsible for the imbalances between domestic supply and demand, and the continued reliance on wheat imports. Moreover, the paper argues that the subsidy program is an expensive safety net for the needy and shows that the Iranian government has intended to reform the program since the early 1990s. However, subsidy reforms are politically sensitive, especially in developing countries where subsidies are considered very important, both for supporting the poor and for political stability. An analysis of the Iranian attempts at subsidy reform suggests that they have not yet succeeded, mainly due to such political considerations. 相似文献
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郭东波 《全球科技经济瞭望》2014,(3):67-72
2012年6月13日,英国洛桑研究所和英国生物技术与生物科学研究理事会联合发起了雄心勃勃的"20:20小麦"研究项目,计划在未来20年内,即到2032年,使英国的潜在粮食产量从目前的大约8 t/hm~2增至20 t/hm~2。实施"20:20小麦"项目可使小麦潜在产量最大化;可确定小麦根系吸水和养分的情况,以提高小麦光合作用的效率;可对作物进行改良。洛桑研究所是英国最大的农业研究中心,有得天独厚的试验条件和世界领先的研究技术,并注重国际合作和开放创新。期望通过对"20:20小麦"研究项目的介绍,为我国农业科研提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
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A production approach based on the translog cost function is used to analyze import demand for wheat differentiated by class and country of origin in the Japanese wheat flour milling industry. Results indicate that US wheat faces strong competition in the Japanese wheat market, but its multiple classes and end‐use characteristics enable the US to preserve the largest market share in Japan. 相似文献
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George P. Zanias 《Agricultural Economics》1999,20(3):253-262
The recent testing approaches of the ‘Law of One Price’ which ate based on co-integration analysis are modified by incorporating the seasonal components of the agricultural price series into the testing procedure. Application of the modified testing approach to the soft wheat market of live European Union member stales produces mixed results as some of the markets turn out to be integrated while in some cases a unified market cannot be assumed. I hese results differ in some cases from those obtained by co-integration tests which ignore seasonal unit roots. 相似文献
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印度小麦和大米政策分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
朱行 《南京财经大学学报》2008,(1)
在过去60年间,印度粮食政策引导其小麦和大米业经历了从供不应求到自给、再到有剩余用于出口的重大转变。近年来,由于政府运作成本巨大、粮食生产和人均消费增长缓慢,政府正在努力将更多的粮食消费补贴面向低收入消费者,对中央政府对公共粮食收购和分配领域的运作实行地方分权,并且放慢生产者价格补贴增长速度。作为世界上最大的粮食生产和消费国之一,印度未来粮食政策变革必将对全球小麦和大米市场产生重大影响。 相似文献
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The ability of the Canadian Wheat Board (CWB) to price discriminate in wheat exports is examined. The conceptual model shows that the CWB's ability to exploit cost differences in pricing depends on the extent of differentiation between Canadian and U.S. wheat. This model is implemented using monthly confidential price data for exports to four markets from 1982 to 1994. The empirical results support the conclusions that (1) the CWB has market power emerging from product differentiation, (2) the CWB price discriminates across export markets, and (3) Alchian–Allen effects are important in pricing in markets valuing quality such as Japan and the United Kingdom. 相似文献
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State trading enterprises are distinguishable from private, commercial firms by the nature of their exclusive rights and objectives. Deregulation of the Australian Wheat Board is used to illustrate the effects of these rights and objectives on trade and welfare. Theoretical models are specified and the effects measured through calibrated, partial equilibrium models. It was found that the successive deregulations of the Australian Wheat Board caused it to switch from being equivalent to an export subsidy to, today, being equivalent to an export tax. At the same time, deregulation has not necessarily been welfare enhancing. 相似文献
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《Food Policy》2019
Results of an unobserved effects model on the determinants of inter- and intraregional grain market integration in Russia in comparison to the USA highlights the differences of the mechanisms underlying market integration in each market. Physical trade flows are exclusively dominant in Russia; in contrast, in the United States, additional information flows induced by commodity futures markets play a great role. Policies which improve grain market efficiency in Russia should not only foster investments in transportation and trade infrastructure, but also the development of market information services and commodity futures markets. 相似文献