Mental models,decision rules,and performance heterogeneity

This paper focuses on the role of managerial cognition as a source of heterogeneity in firm strategies and performance. We link differences in mental models to differences in decision rules and performance in a management simulation. Our results show more accurate mental models lead to better decision rules and higher performance. We also find that decision makers do not need accurate knowledge of the entire business environment; accurate mental models of the key principles are sufficient to achieve superior performance. A fundamental assumption in much of strategic management is that managers who have a richer understanding about organizational capabilities and the dynamics of industry structure can improve the performance of their firms. Our findings provide empirical evidence supporting this assumption and show that differences in mental models help explain ex ante why managers and firms adopt different strategies and achieve different levels of competitive success. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

金融危机的历史规律、当前特征与中国企业应对策略

本文对金融危机进行了历史分析,阐述了金融危机生成的历史规律,揭示此次国际金融危机在传导路径、资产定价和风险分担机制方面的突出特征。文章认为,为了对抗金融危机的冲击,中国企业应重视安全性,贯彻安全保值、审慎稳健的主导思维,并在战略管理、并购、投融资和业绩评价方面做出相应的调整。     

BRIC Agricultural Policies Through a WTO Lens

This article examines the agricultural policies of Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC) through the prism of the disciplines on agricultural domestic support in the World Trade Organization (WTO). Although the BRIC are often grouped collectively as an emerging force in the world economy, divergent agricultural interests are reflected in different approaches towards agricultural policy both through international dispute settlement and notification of their own support. We examine the support notified to the WTO for verification of compliance with their legal commitments, which under the complex WTO rules often differs significantly from measurement of support in economic terms. We note the resulting difficulties of these disciplines in establishing limits on trade‐distorting support. Implications of a Doha agreement are examined. Although the prospect of adoption of new Doha disciplines has become remote, the negotiated provisions are informative about the future policy space the BRIC sought to maintain. Russia’s domestic support commitments under its 2012 WTO accession extend the international disciplines but share the complexity of the other cases.     

中国如何拥有渔业技术标准话语权——以软实力为视角

技术标准化场域中的游戏规则是在西方文化情景中产生的,它源于西方的软实力。中国作为后起的渔业大国,应注重培养国民的科学、理性精神,应培育法治传统,打造东方道德高地,发育民间组织及行业协会,提升汉语的国际地位,从而以软实力为核心全面争取渔业技术标准话语权。     

浅谈预制语块在口语教学中的应用

传统的口语教学以语法规则为主，但语法规则在实时交际中有其难以克服的缺陷。本文针对这一问题，提出了预制语块教学法并指出预制语块对口语教学的几点积极作用。在口语教学中，须正确处理好语法规则和预制语块教学的关系，确保学生的各项能力协调发展。     

Apriori算法在高校学业管理中的应用

为了把握大学生进入高校之前的学业倾向,文章基于WEKA软件环境,运用Apriori算法,对高校学生历史数据进行挖掘,发掘影响学生学习效果的主要因素,剖析个体基本属性与成绩属性之间的关联性,预测某些属性会使学生的学习产生障碍,提高学业管理的针对性与时效性。     

Opportunities,contradictions and attitudes: The evolution of university–business engagement since 1960

The culture and attitudes of any institution are shaped by history and this may affect absorptive capacity and adjustment to change or responses to challenge or opportunity. The article explores how responses to policy initiatives played out within individual universities and the implications this had for their business engagement. The patterns of business engagement are related to the histories of the individual universities, identifying those forces which helped to shape the ‘rules of the game’ and explaining the similarities and differences in experience.     

Financial Crisis, “New” Industrial Policy,and the Bite of Multilateral Trade Rules

The recent Great Recession has triggered substantial government intervention – not all of it macroeconomic. This article presents evidence that the sectoral incidence and forms of government intervention appear to have changed from pre-crisis regularities. Once the commercial significance of a sector is taken into account, pre-crisis measures of trade policy intervention poorly predict the crisis-era sectoral incidence of discriminatory state measures imposed by Asian governments. Qualitative evidence focusing on three key countries in Asia – China, Japan, and South Korea – is also marshaled to sustain the contention that Asian governments have used the recent economic crisis to reinvigorate industrial policies, targeting apparent growth poles and apparently environmentally friendly technologies and sectors. Implications for the expansion of World Trade Organization rules and their effectiveness are discussed.     

Liquidity traps with global Taylor Rules

An important theme in the writings of Jess Benhabib is the global stability of equilibrium in monetary economies. A key result emerging from his research is that Taylor-type interest rate feedback rules that are bounded below by zero can lead to unintended liquidity traps. The present paper shows that even if the interest rate rule is not bounded below by zero, that is, even if the government could credibly commit to a globally active Taylor rule, self-fulfilling liquidity traps cannot be ruled out. This result is shown to obtain in models with flexible and sticky prices and under continuous and discrete time.