基于规则控制的风险导向审计模式探讨——以公路建设项目分析为例

以规则规范风险导向审计活动,以规则引领内部审计的转型,是基于规则控制的风险导向内部审计的基本特征。公路建设项目的风险导向审计模式是一个以规则为主导的多元结构的控制系统,这里的规则主要包括风险导向审计规程和风险导向审计作业指引两个层次。风险导向审计作业指引作为操作性的规则,在实际工作中特别重要。要实施公路建设项目风险导向审计模式,还需要在控制平台、控制规范、控制主体和控制中心等方面做好工作。     

International supply chains and trade agreements

There is a growing literature that examines the role of trade agreements on the formation of international supply chains. The evidence indicates that in general countries that share trade agreements are more likely to develope cross-border supply chains. In this analysis, we argue that in order to examine the effects of trade agreements on the formation of supply chains between two countries, it is not enough to analyse the impact of the trade agreements that the two countries share but it is also important to assess the impact of the trade agreements that they share with third countries. Using data on trade in value added for 129 countries, we show empirically that about 40% of the potential increase in trade in value added induced by a trade agreement between an importing country and a sourcing partner is wiped out by each additional trade agreement signed by the importing country with third nations in which the sourcing partner is not a member. The result has important implications for regions seeking to develop international supply chains but in which the process of integration is highly fragmented.     

Structure of neutral and monotonic binary social decision rules with quasi-transitive individual preferences

The paper investigates the structure of neutral and monotonic binary social decision rules with unrestricted domain under the assumption that individual weak preference relations are reflexive, connected, and quasi-transitive. Among other results, neutral and monotonic binary social decision rules on this domain are characterized for alternative social rationality assumptions.     

The monoclus of a coalitional game

The analysis of single-valued solution concepts, providing payoffs to players for the grand coalition only, has a long tradition. Opposed to most of this literature we analyze allocation scheme rules, which assign payoffs to all players in all coalitions. We introduce several closely related allocation scheme rules, each resulting in a population monotonic allocation scheme (PMAS) whenever the underlying coalitional game with transferable utilities has a PMAS. Monotonicities, which measure the payoff difference for a player between two nested coalitions, are the driving force. These monotonicities can best be compared with the excesses in the definition of the (pre-)nucleolus. Variants are obtained by considering different domains and/or different collections of monotonicities. We deal with nonemptiness, uniqueness, and continuity, followed by an analysis of conditions for (some of) the rules to coincide. We then focus on characterizing the rules in terms of subbalanced weights. Finally, we deal with computational issues.     

Credibility and determinism in a game of persuasion

This paper studies a game of persuasion. A speaker attempts to persuade a listener to take an action by presenting evidence. Glazer and Rubinstein (2006) showed that when the listener's decision is binary, neither randomization nor commitment have any value for the listener, and commented that the binary nature of the decision was important for the commitment result. In this paper, I show that concavity is the critical assumption for both results: no value to commitment and no value to randomization. Specifically, the key assumption is that the listener's utility function is a concave transformation of the speaker's utility function. This assumption holds vacuously in the binary model. The result that concavity implies credibility allows us to dispense with the assumption that the listener's decision is binary and significantly broadens the scope of the model.     

论国际贸易规则教学的目的及方法

通过对国际贸易规则教学目的的论述,分析了国际贸易规则教学中存在的问题,提出了应采取的正确的教学思路和方法,指出了对学生规则实际运用能力的培养是教学的终极目的。     

C语言位运算中鲜为人知的事

在很多系统程序中常要求在位（bit）一级进行运算或处理。C语言提供了位运算的功能,这使得C语言也能像汇编语言一样用来编写系统程序。位运算说的简单一些,就是直接对整数在内存中的二进制位进行操作。希望通过本文让大家了解位运算中鲜为人知的事情。     

基于小波变换的图像融合方法及其性能评价

近年来,图像融合已成为图像理解和计算机视觉领域一项重要的新技术。把小波变换技术应用到图像融合之中是该研究领域的重大突破。文章以小波变换为工具,描述了基于小波变换的多传感器图像融合算法的实现,提出了多种融合规则和融合算子,并对融合结果进行了深入分析和性能评价。     

避税行为违法性探析——以《企业所得税法》第六章为证

在我国,关于避税的法律性质,总体来说有合法说、违法说、脱法说三种典型观点。这些观点的共同特征,都是承认避税行为具有严重的社会危害性,应该受到法律规制,只不过我国的立法并没有对它进行明文规制而已。本文认为,在《中华人民共和国企业所得税法》颁布以前,关于避税的法律性质,在立法上是存在疑问的,但是,该部法律第六章“特别纳税调整”对避税行为做出了完全的否定性的评价,所有避税行为在我国现在都被认为是违法的。     

A copula-based time series model for global horizontal irradiation

The increasing importance of solar power for electricity generation leads to increasing demand for probabilistic forecasting of local and aggregated photovoltaic (PV) yields. Based on publicly available irradiation data, this paper uses an indirect modeling approach for hourly medium to long-term local PV yields. We suggest a time series model for global horizontal irradiation that allows for multivariate probabilistic forecasts for arbitrary time horizons. It features several important stylized facts. Sharp time-dependent lower and upper bounds of global horizontal irradiations are estimated. The parameters of the beta distributed marginals of the transformed data are allowed to be time-dependent. A copula-based time series model is introduced for the hourly and daily dependence structure based on simple vine copulas with so-called tail dependence. Evaluation methods based on scoring rules are used to compare the model’s power for multivariate probabilistic forecasting with other models used in the literature showing that our model outperforms other models in many respects.