The hazards and governance of China＇s state-owned monopoly enterprises

Monopoly was formed in the course of capitalism development, but it also exists in socialist countries now. China＇s state-owned monopoly enterprises have made adverse effect even a certain hazards in many aspects of the national economy, such as economic development, income distribution, consumers＇ rights and interests, international competition and exchanges. The reform of China＇s state-owned monopoly enterprises has been on the agenda, and it has become the focus of China＇s economic system reform.     

中国垄断性产业改革对管制机构的需求

在相当长的时期中,中国对垄断性产业实行国有企业垄断经营的管理体制,但这种传统体制存在低效率问题,这导致对垄断性产业实行以促进竞争与民营化为两大主题的体制改革,而这种改革要求有效管制相协调,从而产生对高效率管制机构的客观需求。     

中国国际贸易司法审查范围刍议——以WTO规则为宏观背景

中国现行行政诉讼规范性文件规定,对抽象行政行为、行政终局行为和行政指导等非行政权力行为、以及行业组织的行政行为不作为行政诉讼中的司法审查范围。然而,根据WTO的规则和中国加入WTO时所做的承诺,现行的司法审查体制不能适应WTO规则的要求,也不能满足中国的加入世贸的承诺,所以改革中国的国际贸易行政诉讼审查范围,以适用时代的发展成为必然。     

税务行政不作为及其救济途径

税务行政不作为是一种行政违法行为。税务行政不作为主要有两种表现:一是没有依法履行对纳税人的税务行政义务,称作“私权”不作为;二是没有依法履行对国家的税务行政职责,称作“公权”不作为。私权不作为应通过纳税人自行申诉来维护自身的合法权益;公权不作为则需要通过一定行政执法监督方式,由一定的权力部门追究有关责任人的税务行政执法责任。     

A Small Entrepreneurial City in Action: Policy Mobility,Urban Entrepreneurialism,and Politics of Scale in Jiyuan,China

This research details the mundane practices of policy mobility and entrepreneurial endeavour in Jiyuan in relation to the city's changing administrative position, and is one of the first attempts at understanding how entrepreneurial policies are mobilized, mutated and diffused in a small inland Chinese city. We interpret Jiyuan's evolving development strategies and trajectory through two interrelated conceptual lenses—policy mobility and urban entrepreneurialism—bridged by an analysis of the politics of scale. Over the past three decades, governance strategies in Jiyuan have evolved from policy imitation, during the germination of urban entrepreneurialism, to policy mutation and diffusion, under the amplification of entrepreneurialism, as the city has moved up the administrative levels and urban hierarchy. Policy mobility and urban entrepreneurialism in Jiyuan, involving a multi‐scalar process, are being shaped by the interactions between the city, the region, the central state and global capital under the confluence of globalization and marketization. The ‘successful’ story of a small entrepreneurial city tells a new tale that can inform wider contexts by painting a fuller portrait of the evolution of an entrepreneurial city across different scales and time and bringing cities hitherto ‘off the map’ back into the picture of urban entrepreneurialism against the backdrop of globalization.     

对减轻农民负担问题的一个贡献--统购统销对粮食生产影响的实证研究:1953-1982

对于我国集体化农业经济绩效的解释，主流文献的结论是“工分制”导致对劳动投入缺乏有效的激励。通过对一份浙东沿海某生产队社员分配分户方案的研究，作者发现，政府通过统购统销制度将集体化农业内部的剩余粮食都收购了之后，已很难在集体化农业内部对劳动投入形成有效的激励。作者以粮食生产为例，通过回归分析发现国家粮食征购的比率对集体农业的粮食产量产生显著影响，最后又利用协整分析和Granger因果关系检验证明了统购统销制度对集体化农业经济绩效的负面作用。     

Targeted poverty alleviation in China: segmenting small tourism entrepreneurs and effectively supporting them

Abstract

Cultivating and encouraging local small tourism enterprises (STEs) is considered an effective way to alleviate poverty. Chinese local governments tend to concentrate their limited policies and initiatives on targeting STEs and effective ways to achieve better performance, following the proposed government policy called Targeted Poverty Alleviation by Tourism Development (TPATD). To discover which group is targeted and how, this study classified small tourism entrepreneurs and examined determinants of their performance. A quota sampling survey of 273 entrepreneurs in five tourism communities within a scenic area known as Yuntai Mountain was conducted in 2016. Seven determinants were identified: business skills, leadership, innovation, social relations, governmental support, autonomy, and locus of control. Three distinct small tourism entrepreneur segments were classified as independents, followers, and autodidacts. Each segment is worth helping but in different ways. Leadership, business skills, and innovation are key determinants of performance for all segments. Governmental support should be more visible, targeted, and recognized by locals. The administrative subcontract of TPATD in China is also discussed.     

大镇设市与基层政区设置的改革创新——基于促进超级大镇进一步发展的视角

改革开放以来,镇域经济的快速发展使一些超级大镇迅速崛起,但在我国行政本位制的政治资源和经济资源配置制度下,行政地位与区划空间的限制严重制约了这些超级大镇的进一步发展。因此,创新基层政区改革,在权力和资源支配与运用上给予超级大镇更大的空间,推行大镇设市,是适应我国镇域经济社会发展的必然选择。     

Why Does Poor Performance Get So Much Attention in Public Policy?

Abstract: This article explores why information on poor performance often gets most of the attention in public policy. In order to illustrate the discussion this paper analyses the case of educational policy for secondary schools in Norway, and in particular the policy of participating in the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) which measures educational outcomes for 15‐year old pupils regarding reading, mathematics and science. Governments, researchers, interest groups and the media await the regular release of the PISA results every third year with great interest, and participate in the strategy of ‘naming and blaming’ based on the relative national performances. The practice of identifying poor performance and the subsequent public discourses has become an institution. Despite the negativity‐bias the strategic use of information associated with these processes may have positive impacts on decision making, policy innovation and democratic accountability.     

Tax Responses at Low Taxable Incomes: Evidence from Germany*

The desirability of a particular tax system depends on how different taxpayers react to it. Exploiting the personal allowance threshold and detailed German tax administration data, this paper examines responses at low taxable incomes to extend previous findings. Taxpayers bunch at the allowance threshold, and more so with non-wage income. Unlike in other studies, wage earners also bunch, at least if they file a tax return, while incomes gross of deductions do not. Deductions account for a sizeable share of the sharp bunching mass of taxpayers with non-wage income. A machine learning analysis identifies which deduction items predict such sharp bunching. The pattern of results suggests that local intensive-margin real responses induce moderate deadweight loss.