基于两步分布协同拍卖的多机协同任务分配

针对多异构机载平台对不同类型的地面目标执行攻击任务的协同任务分配问题,以平台载弹量以及摧毁任务目标的需弹量建立平台与任务之间的关系,以各平台的任务序列以及执行任务时的武器使用量序列作为决策变量,在基地-任务航路矩阵和任务-任务航路矩阵的基础上,综合考虑平台武器约束、平台航程约束、任务需弹量等约束,建立多机协同任务分配模型。设计了两步分布协同拍卖算法,通过多次生成任务的拍卖招标顺序和基地的拍卖竞标顺序,实现了多机协同任务分配问题的优化求解。仿真结果表明,所建模型和求解算法能够有效合理地解决多机协同对地攻击的任务分配问题。     

Speculative attacks: unique equilibrium and transparency

Models with multiple equilibria are a popular way to explain currency attacks. Morris and Shin (1998) have shown that, in the context of those models, unique equilibria may prevail once noisy private information is introduced. In this paper, we apply the method of Morris and Shin to a broader class of probability distributions and show—using the technique of iterated elimination of dominated strategies—that their results continue to hold, even if we allow for sunspots and individual uncertainty about strategic behavior of other agents. We provide a clear exposition of the logic of this model and we analyze the impact of transparency on the probability of a speculative attack. For the case of uniform distribution of noisy signals, we show that increased transparency of government policy reduces the likelihood of attacks.     

数字化时代的报纸生存

在网络媒体的冲击下,传统报纸的生存一度岌岌可危,甚至有人预言,传统报纸会在2044年走向灭亡。而事实上,虽然网络媒体确实取得了迅猛的发展,网络广告市场增长强劲,但报纸并未因此而走向末路,毕竟传统报纸在本地新闻和深度报道上的优势,仍是网络媒体所无法企及的。面对网络媒体的竞争压力,传统报纸媒体如果能充分发挥自己的特长,通过掌握内容资源优势来对抗网络媒体的技术优势,那么传统报纸反而能借助网络来扩大自己影响力,增强自身生存能力。从某种程度上来说,正是网络媒体咄咄逼人的姿态,促使传统报纸扬长避短,走上转变报道内容与方式的改革之路,从而增强了报纸的竞争力与生命力。     

Exchange Market Pressure in the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CAEMC) Area: Empirical Assessment of the Macroeconomic Determinants

ABSTRACT

The current empirical study contributes to the literature on the exchange market pressure. First we construct as proposed by Eichengreen, Rose, and Wyplosz [1996. Contagious currency crises: First tests. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 98 (4), 463–484], a continuous measure of EMP for the CAEMC franc zone, using quarterly data from 1985Q1 to 2012Q2. We then address the main macroeconomic determinants of this EMP.

We find that our main measure for EMP as well as two alternative measures of this index captures quite well episodes of crises of the CFA (XAF) currency. During the period of study, the common currency of the CAEMC countries experienced about four speculative attacks, with the one in 1993 ending with the devaluation of that currency in January 1994. The other attacks were warded off through reserves losses, as it is clear that the currency peg was maintained principally through changes in reserves. We also find that the GDP growth, the trade balance and the international oil price are the main contributors of EMP and therefore the most significant predictors of currency crises in the CAEMC area.     

Addressing shortfalls in TIA care in the UK: an economic perspective

Abstract

Objective: To estimate the clinical outcomes and costs associated with reconfiguring the management of TIA in the UK to offer patients rapid access to outpatient clinics for specialist assessment and treatment.

Methods: An economic deterministic model was run comparing two pathways – one arm representing current clinical care based on national guidelines and clinical practice and patient referral to a weekly outpatient clinic, and a revised care pathway replicating phase 2 of the EXPRESS study with patient referral to a daily outpatient clinic. The outcomes of the model were measured in terms of recurrent strokes avoided and net budget impact to secondary care.

Results: Reconfiguring TIA care pathways in the UK could result in the avoidance of 8,164 recurrent stroke events. The model predicts savings of £25,573,279 for the UK healthcare system over 12 months. Annual net savings are predicted in England (£24,916,011), Scotland (£80,554) and Northern Ireland (£1,041,817). In Wales, increased costs of £450,435 are estimated.

Limitations: Using the data published from the EXPRESS study, it is not possible to model a stepwise approach to implementing the revised TIA care pathway. It is therefore assumed that it would be possible to implement the revised TIA care pathway as detailed in the EXPRESS study across the UK and achieve the reduction in recurrent stroke risk that was reported.

Conclusions: The model suggests that the reconfiguration of TIA care pathways in the UK to offer rapid access to treatment and assessment could prevent TIA-related future stroke events and potentially result in cost savings to the healthcare system.     

内容中心网络中安全问题研究综述

内容中心网络（CCN）是一种革命性的网络架构,采用内容路由、网内缓存等技术来提高网络中的内容分发效率,但其自身的结构特点使之面临很多的安全问题。通过对CCN网络工作机制的研究,分析了CCN面临的非授权访问、隐私泄露、泛洪攻击等安全风险;然后,总结了每种安全风险的解决方案及各自优缺点;最后,展望了未来的研究方向。     

The effects of tolerance of negativity on consumers’ responses to comparative attack advertising

This paper focuses on ‘tolerance of negativity’ (TON) as a means of understanding and predicting consumers’ responses to negative marketing communications. The results of three empirical studies suggest that consumers who are low (as opposed to high) in TON (when measured and/or primed) find negatively framed comparative ads to be less fair, less useful, and have less favorable attitudes toward the ad and sponsor brand. Importantly, cognitive elaboration is shown to moderate these effects. Specifically, one’s TON is found to be more impactful when individuals are engaged with an ad (i.e. when cognitive elaboration is greater) as opposed to when cognitive elaboration is lower. Interestingly, TON’s moderating influence was not observed in any of the studies when attitudes toward the compared-to brand were the dependent variable.     

浅析TCP/IP协议及其安全

本文主要讨论TCP/IP协议内容,以及TCP/IP协议的安全问题和几种常见的网络攻击手段。     

攻击型受欺负儿童的特点研究

攻击型受欺负儿童是与攻击者及单纯受欺负者有关的不同群体,这类儿童在社交、学习等方面均表现较差,且有不良情绪问题,是处境较为不利的一类儿童。因此,本研究将系统考察攻击型受欺负儿童的特点,以期系统把握其整体状况,了解家庭各相关变量的影响作用,为家庭教育和心理健康指导提供依据。     

开放经济下投机攻击的策略分析

本文通过分析开放经济下的投机攻击策略,探讨了投机者实施投机攻击需要的市场条件,具体分析了不同微观市场结构中投机者发动攻击的策略组合,并以图解方式清晰展现出投机者攻击一国汇率的复杂行为.